参考答案:
The lungs have a Large surface area
This occurs because the lung is divided into numerous alveoli/air sacs.
The air in the lungs is replaced by Ventilation
Ventilation maintains concentration gradients of gases between the alveoli and the blood.
Capillary beds carry blood to the alveoli.
This closeness of blood to air enables Oxygen to enter the blood by diffusion, the capillaries carry the oxygenated blood away from the alveoli maintaining the diffusion gradient with the alveoli.
Surfactant is produced by type II pneumocytes
The surgactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing the collapse of alveoli.
The lungs have a Branched network of bronchioles.
To carry air to all of the alveoli in all parts of the lungs.
(Award a mark for each point, allowing for different wordings)
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