本题目来源于试卷: IB Economics Unit 2.5: Microeconomics - Market Failure，类别为 IB经济学
[单选题]
Some professions and indug,c * xq0el 5*lujrh6sstries require individuals or businesses to obtain lickiptt9wdnkcjf+d*ye33 6 o . 7enses or certifications to ensure they meet certain standards. For example, medical doctors must be licensed, and certain trades may retjf9pd7k wto * dc3ye3kn. 6i+quire certification.
Based on the statement above, which of the following statements about these licenses or certifications is not true?
A. They are designed to address the problem of asymmetric information.
B. They help establish trust and provide assurance of competence and expertise.
C. They are examples of signaling as a private response to asymmetric information.
D. They make these professions and industries more competitive.
参考答案: D
本题详细解析:
D While licensing and certification requirements are examples of signaling as a private response to address problems of asymmetric information, they can also create barriers to entry and limit competition if the requirements are overly restrictive. Choices A, B, and C are correct. Licenses and certifications signal to potential consumers that a producer is competent and qualified, and thus provide the potential consumer more information from an independent third-party.
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