本题目来源于试卷: The Laws of Thermodynamics，类别为 IB物理学
[问答题]
(a) What happens if 3uhvizq/ r+b :8-jnbd yom0i. w/ 2bjhw9mtre o.n -ddp0u remove the lid of a bottle containing chlorine gas? (b) Does the reverse process ever happen? Why or why not? (c) Can you think of two other examples of irreversibwnd .hj2emw0/9d0t. -mi orp bility?
参考答案: (a) If the lid is removed from a bottle of chlorine gas, the gas molecules will diffuse out of the mouth of the bottle, and eventually spread out uniformly in whatever volume to which they are confined. (b) The reverse process, that of individual chlorine gas molecules in a closed volume spontaneously entering a small volume, never happens. The probability of the gas molecules all entering the bottle is infinitesimal compared to the probability of the gas molecules being uniformly spread throughout the room. The reverse process would require a spontaneous decrease in entropy. (c) Some other examples of irreversibility: the shuffling of an ordered deck of cards; the diffusion of dye in a liquid; the toppling of buildings during an earthquake.
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