本题目来源于试卷: Interaction & Interdependence C.6 Integration of Body Systems，类别为 IB生物学
[单选题]
When a person is frightened,b0 qgysylrqo-70 dtax9,)w a2 various chan l :0;gzxud1u:c b;ljil;*vxd ges in the body occur. Which of the following ar1:ic zl;uxdd0 ujl ;g*;xvb l:e involved in this fight or flight response?
I. Transmembrane receptors
II. The endocrine system
III. The autonomic nervous system
A. $I$ only
B. $ I$ and $II$ only
C. $II$ and $III$ only
D. $I$, $II$ and $III$
参考答案: D
本题详细解析:
Explanation: The endocrine system (Statement II) is involved in the fight or flight response through the release of hormones from endocrine glands, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), from the adrenal glands. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is released into the bloodstream and travels throughout the body to target organs and tissues, preparing the body for immediate action. When adrenaline (epinephrine) reaches its target tissues it binds to specific transmembrane receptors on the surface of cells (Statement I). This binding triggers a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately lead to physiological changes associated with the fight or flight response, such as increased heart rate and dilated airways. The autonomic nervous system (Statement III) plays a central role in the fight or flight response. In a frightening situation, the nervous system is activated, leading to the release of adrenaline (epinephrine), increased heart rate, increased blood flow to muscles, and other physiological changes that prepare the body for a rapid response. Choice D is therefore correct. Choices A, B and C are all incorrect as they do not include all three statements.
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