Which of the following is the smallest u a xer,rjvvcz f8iteage/ k3-2-v.e 95nit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise th(z lz /zkmp 9t8vm;0*gnymi9xe temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules is rh6zv1 ,5 4hdkvd+afogeferred tov hdo+ g4,z65hd1vf ak as

  A cup of water is scooped up from ar0 bxn rx59 hfwpex; /)0eg8va swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U ox; x 0 0g)h95e/awbpxrnerv8ff the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depends -oeg6wzhoj; iuvw1: 7 on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its vol7cx 3tdk 1t,e5;ia6z z0d. oxg)y pjvxume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the te zd t,1 76de tgka5;3oyjizxxc.)0xv pmperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with inter2k bandrt 2 ra,)4we.2vt xuh)nal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastically i zx1sxeg491xd9b/kaz s that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat cap5 gr,jwlen1 sjebb);+acity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initial bnse1; bj, e)5rlw+gjly in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated syst3 ijxt 5ykp tmu;p54x)em is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the tx p)4jx53u5tpk; yit mime the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liqs0 m+i/y u.stfuid state is referred ufs+./ smi0ty to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor s6yql zf:c2a-4nfuf ,i tate is referred toc4fzf 62iuq lfn-y a,: as the

  If heat is added to a pmqi2mjed 69bcf:o 0:y ure substance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes0 ) g2ihhrxp2x

  When a liquid evapora9, f6yhq)u4* ss lfy.o *lkpjbtes

  When a vapor condens436 yhv a0(9zc 9lniryi;baswes

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into ekyn395, vl +i0qi*mmgc: z25qoy jajwater droplets which get bigger and bigger5kcy:y,qm gie +v3 qlmajz io 02j5n9* until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under s 6u )qg siy.thz9:ln(a pan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water at *tw 7cim1vy9h$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is referrtd4- -ah jh3dp*b tl6ied to a*tddp36b - -ijl4a hhts

  By what primary heatw0h2.g 4wr2+ gisg yoa transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is plar.o+wgg 0a2wig 2 h4ysced in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touchk wxc7 y6u/xd27dg n9*x*zeib than a piece of wood. This is due to thdgkcnw2d97*7 zuy *ex /xb6ixe difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall buwa cj0nh96xcl 5c20kk i9q ( 5hzuw)lcilt from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature differeuhan0 w5l2(c 5cclj)w6ihkcq90 x9kznce across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating matxpyjh,8 l0: q2,lpq vperial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of anj,xl qp hv8yp0pq2,:lother material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows *pkea tr5vn:, by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another is referred ,n:pk5a*tvreto as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on aw9,mw yf wdr--r;wr. x stove?

  Convection can occurz -pe3tnp sjb)owv*;,17*drelhk: zu

  Which of the following best explains why sweao k/dck1nw u-9ting is important to humans in maintaining suitable body tempnwkuco 1dk /-9erature?

  A spaceship is drifting in anbxg 5pr w* gyr+7rac01-cl.yo environment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an elrw+y*7p 5c. oa rcg01-yrb glxectric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular h).i d-x4kc sdbouses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Coc-s xbk)did. 4mpared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what factor doe92y)h3iix; vkd j:ynds the radiating po 9x3 hyk)i ;yjd2nd:ivwer change?

  The process whereby heat fv6up t9en*b /11s )rycatv+h slows in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer e+tb 5w0m/fmu zf-u- c28rsecmechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how3m2 6tiauiu0 mj7 zhq7 much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to howig9 f3vn wiq0 v (dvu/2pg2l2f much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is nees/xct;nik yt e 52zr:2w sukd68 7dpe5ded to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting tempera8-sa2wi0p m/x:c/nq9qut fus ture change?pw/c2 9qa u0 -nm s8s:uqx/ift

  A 4.0-kg aluminum bl/1qs3hgjf94swmupdl i;( e 4gock is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg4.uq-j qkd5r g of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her+-o1)fmzo enl bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron andb01hsdw)md oe ::l 4be 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the dloe:: ws)ebb md14h0gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated to - zqj h , ltm-rp*ona/+5y6+no.dawkh$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copperv,2v gz-) fi0p vy0nns, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material ash0x7; ki t+0c:nrtwot $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolaty*(+pux.6wcg5m;ug8 radmbted from its surroundings. One object has an initial temperm +atu rg *6 u5;pgb(xdwcm.8yature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explorqdn,y)(xd;k re the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature ;,yxqnkd(d )r rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drow2qk)m- yd 9bbps a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the graviby)-9m bwqkd2tational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how leju/dqbd3 a. b4g3 :slong would it take to heat watee /g.b3ua3 :bsdl4 dqjr in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg ofg8016cpu2qz;ix jb yb waic8xy0jbzu p;6q2g b1 ter from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (massgsdw2y8:;y+j ; sehfx 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heat-gz dnsf 5qt:;,4dlnhmv4)p s = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it to liq m . ))zmw+-lndsdrxbf)*kz9duid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is(r lhh8i.wcw mm d ni-.z1q0t7 required to melt 200 g of ice?.q(h71r0d.ztm ml-8 cw hnwii

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 k)9v nar47(3 cc gsevjwg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removedh3h*6hoq w0m h*fa rr/ from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcan,bhl7 (i+ jidl/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initialle(gvv9tp s /(;pjd1mhy at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water ajf,iti bip p15e rvd9n:(xl 0-t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to chavl*go i: :cghdu;w67u nge 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to changu(,t v;. fbc9tk3jgxs y./k kxe one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to changext4yfsa 0)gh)iw0 v 8b 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice ju-qs so 6f9an7g-* .*wklpvh cp*e9hto 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead 9a;u6bh.cif.o ,bgwtis 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melti;.b6oh 9abwcig,f u.tng point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of con4e 3ggojsg,7e59tdthcrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivitye1jw .oa1xvi: of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end tojvexo:a1 1.wi end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If i68fcouitk+:9h v; qethe outside temperature is o9i f+;ukveh68qc: t i$-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick /j2r-urym9uoid +5buhas dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperaturebou juimru+y-r 59/2d is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0ip(y dc e((:dz m x 2.0 m section of concrete (d((ey(c:d z ip$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfe72 mabt1x -ji)un ier;w3du2x r 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 yaw*//tx s8q vkcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining stee )s9ym ia)oxbr:fj ky v ge428mr,00jal, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant,2sfyovm0a0)9jix erbmy8 arj )gk 4: power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy w3nva/ 57swvb ;1s cfci19ge-p:f pqdchen it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside4 cel /fs7uw2b a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.