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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thefu il41 7dtrj; T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there in ;s)54.4 o qxxb*nzqk2vn 16i;mi dzncw 4gqds no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamisd ))+5s7z-urknafz6c hqv1p cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temper:rf w*ffe7e /tature. This pee*/f rff 7:twrocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fkxhks j8 :tr,q*hi0v3rom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism thrkvs8 hqxi: h ,*30kjtat compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermalx5f;51lhw gg2it:v dc pro1:5;2w5xft d i glcvghcess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isoty0m )nl1yg rbuh(7 d3qwx5 4jjhermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanj ()7 gml5rxd4nw 301yjhbuqyism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Durinz:tk nm1, 1/emivxr zlyu 1g-.g the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundi1:.l -1 /nryukxzm,ie gvm1zt ngs. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna)ikr qd.gzq /f63t gr21uemt-qcyq ./mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume v1 j-xf*i*fnz during an adiabatic process1 fxfj*i* vnz-. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that o8 6rc+vjh1kod ne containsk6 horjc1d+v8 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that onr egsz) g9(ee )m*ujf5e contains (r fe m*)ese5j)g gzu9$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is6lme,* yhhu 6r an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no c+vlz1bt. i6uk a ww5+ohange in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law oc.r)vgkbh/ + t,ggzh9 f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure aq 72e i*hckdq4s heat is added to it. This pro2q*4h iqec7dk cess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consve 4 rw(u9h, ;njdcvp/ i,rnc-tant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of j h(rid u;cv9pecn,nv-w ,/ 4rthe gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PVz z woeyn.06yg*f g(xrbvw91) diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chcl 21d dhu.d f,mk+7*eklq0ttange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynanj/5n+81y zki3tdysh : k*xcd1ij:kiac )f8nmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid ezz0 +;n)q .f fhb4zvrubu83h container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Th 3h8uub).rhzz +q 4;ezvf0fnb is process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat ene ,p*kbx (zioj*/0j ng2kl cy.lrgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy cnk0,jp*ox/bjigz. l k y*l(2of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynaf+p, ms0 svq5nbo o+ q/0xtb9vmics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trans2mvwh34lx ,hun 26qhdfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from (z4)q62ajh 1yo dkuupu2sz + ha cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodsb5t gm0)wt*ueg 8p: fxm:z b-ynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cy.6yltj 8.kpqlya*w- go 48lnrcle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cyclej8 4 q6-p *l.lylta.gown8kry ?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of2 jmtvg: :7fix

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, t y8;xxf zmyq) f5g,mcr)h3 /dthe heat sink must ftcmmzhdfq,5;8)x/xy)gr 3 y be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisd6lnx2msi.ul*81h g pts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secondcj*f4rj( 0 gkw law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the rat;n9 ye8oh ,gulio o h98leyo,nu; gf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performancemxuykp-/q1 f, (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entgc+bm*:5bh.esn kl u -ropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics m.po i9fbn73hec*t 6pfqob/8 , for any process that may occur within an isolated systeme 6* /7m ohfnc9opfbi38 .pqbt, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of txgfk99kwg9/m a-4y rx hermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude th+l g,p(doh0sz+ct- szat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whas6gnz32onf3j q(l+ mmt is the change in internoq3z(lj3s+ 2gnf nm6m al energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whaanc v 4w( (.55rk cuuia5(asrkm0oiq7t i (vaqcom( 7kuc.4(ruasnki 055ai w5 rs the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal prsc 8+lg i*ois/ocess is -400 J. What is the change in interna8*/ligoc s+ sil energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressinj lt 07bq,lj* k5-u )wizwrfn;g a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of5wrjf *t ),-k l ;iuw0lnzqjb7 the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiaxl9m-spa9p m;batic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in intersx9l mp9p -m;anal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal e/d zz*fd0zrw2nergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work do2z /ddz z0wrf*ne?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the inter x)hp6huk*p x)gdzf35 nal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exc5fkxz pduh6)) g3x*phhange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic g 2nn0:s0h2hb +gt kodwvnsm:4as is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How muc2hon ws42ntm0hd+ g: kbv0 :snh work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of- ugyv 0b8,s4m vdb +zry7st*z energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas areb-+ygs 8m yv4 s*dtbz,v0 zu7r in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3w gclh7sk+ kz(3 xlp:3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losesgbt 8yysgu-2( s unyep+;l+8 jf 860r7nmocgz 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencyyg ue 2c ybm lryzn tn8o +f-g;+0s6j87su8(gp?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heatqoli: ojlo,o kn ,0 v0yx-9fv; per cycle. How miky f ,0on:ojoxl0vo,;l v9-quch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an effic7ws k13atrtu0 sf3v9liency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. uk9wv0ar7 st 1sf33l tHow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat ea;n60zvc f3s*nu0hno lch cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatevn36of0cu0zn; sn *hl the efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kp4tf7 kxd(f.87msn m9u. js-aa uu6mical. Calculate ksmtxsu6.p( 8du4fna.f ma7 9-u7im jthe work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built s8 -ovlim/+2gl/(l h :qg2w an yqpyk*so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temy* iglwos/ l kq2l (y/ vahm2+:8-pgnqperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficgiatl;*:yzj x/klutb*3.2i yh b,+anient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combusti*/:n2 tt .y lbyz ha+ugaki; l,bxi3*jon chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built sol+ 2i2l6plh.34lz ywi/ccw xkd.i:id/; c ocb far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber i.3/cziy2./px2 dwlckh cc6 +lw; 4ll :oiibdtemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plano7a hoqmn97f; t uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generatesa:8d5- e dtplmotu04i 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWdm,pnot3 j( 2zx01t ov of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficien.7kr/th) ivw fcy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possibl. ) x6rizzzx(ne for an engine operating betwe(i z6n z)xz.xren $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the bo7f; 7em2 d. k4qifuttemperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir ie47 .b 2uqd;7imfkftos $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatin rfe0f .j+e wb1qqq.zd)h)dih gse:b8-lp*i1g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fro orwn-z4no;fd )(gh 6hm the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.r-do(gwh; f4 n )z6nho How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezin92pbf.hz 0 phgg compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coef zgf hbpp.092hficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator ad5a ;kimdvl m:s7d7w /bsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer a57k/dvmwam;i 7 :sdldnd expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of gozf k 2.mx8kg 5:un6 nuyp+t3ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chae* mqr ezv:r7ym ;p3f0n1al 9snge in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas t/wc;luh tx6fc0,yp2 at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changpct ;cl0wu6f2/ ty,xh es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at h94 pznw0wk 1d;6dxix$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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