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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onm z32*.j /eqcg 0y.f:zpcpikr)zdsc / the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thery2 vk0 oj(dlf m1:yvpzg8*,vv:od4 xxe is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the kvsmdiavt757k oj)-5 rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in8-1/z *igf7nmpa to o1 6cxfod its temperature. This process iscdx-m io7f8/nzft16 gpaoo* 1

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pp x- oszj31nrkqk.s -:;31 luft.sn qprocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of i3 -s-ptq p :qs1 nfj3sk.o;zlunkx.r1 nternal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is comprv0l+2 t 7mg9i m17euoqyddi3ressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. d7emdrvgt0ii1+3u27 l m yq9o The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 3)s : u/y i, elph2yed..r mkadv.m/tm77ec+zc0 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended b euzeyr vh/md),mct7c2y ld+i:.p7. a.mke /s y the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Duig c ebe 0my(3d q*ho;,cr9k0sring the event, the gas exchy r3skocb(d, e0*q9m g0e c;ihanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, r ihfw/r)(th)an6jpf: 7yhw3jvb/w 9 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originja+ . e6j4pzaxal volume during an adiabaticx e4.jpz ja+a6 process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas d ;tajx4lha ,dgb8o 24identical in all respects except that one contains lxad, ;tho8bd4j2 ag4$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all hm 5p3v+j.j mbrespects except that one contains 5 mjpbhvj.3m +$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV drnl 1 m4pr0de4iagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is ap r) 9pzuow;,*k kr nge(v86u(6 cksmno change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, x;tzgd nw*gw(s120h :thcj(w9 aoyg -$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as he -2*k jdnz m w.srw2ddbb1/,fyat is added to it. This process ndfw /k2d ,j bw2*r-bymz1 .sdis

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cons)stq8in *5ouktant pressure. 8sunti q)k 5*oAs a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diag3ww g- ia;j4nr4 v.lkfram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no m zr.0jc- ) /p4co-sz xzkbsb3change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o0 9uwm mse,zz7f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigidkh2k wei. bx-6 container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. k-xebk w6i. 2hThis process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sa,8 r kgs3n*gve5yli5/eaio8dmple of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internaleg*ek5ag o3 8i5vir,y dn/ s8l energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of5even0rc 35j w5 qbb1z thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hotr hlc3ibty0 tc*w5**o+v 6n up7;rkka reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a coldx;1b) k1 irevd reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodyttk7is 34 r(x:n x9ivunamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illus yb3mr qn.a;9 xd2rt,atrated here. During one cycle, how much wormdr 9a2 x;yqtbna,. 3rk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is h ;bl:n0b2z10q gqv -m6fkryx defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficie.j;q3- i msqiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustm3 sji;-ieqq. be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consivkg+oa .6 7e09 tsd3cqevv4xy4ihj p4sts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyne (tb+kvc8 ttj;ht)0vs 1x,pm/qe no /amics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrizkx+:rrfg g2w7(( iue gerator is defined as the ratio o 2i7zr w f(u:(ex+rgkgf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heak03wqj ro c9;4o;q5bos n 9i -sfvg-ict pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, theamflcx69o 7d- , cxkiq93p o.c;zf-ft entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that maypir3+a(j lq-s occur within an isolated syste jp(qs+ il3-arm, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamice xg l3 vxm;a:u0uz.9cs.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thkey:ltpdljjk22 6 pv, 4td7/k ermodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5nlj- -:/onumdk0 z(xa.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internd:k-xj/0m nnloau (-zal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is 3qct1ss 1,howremoved from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the proch1qcosw 3,st1ess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in e9rh9rr p0+yhhx2k kb188ip tf;co t7an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the c1ch9oykitbhhx90;8+tk2 8r rf per7p hange in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the ch9z( o7fmcxu 1uange in u(1cfm7ox9 uzinternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiamuujswafzy 0mq+ 5gmh.r2. ** batic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the changewjm * hmqygu2*s+0. 5a rz.fmu in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procesq0zqb it(n( hlls,3h2 r5l8ro s, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is therr(q,lihb5 zoq0 ( 28hlsln 3t work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energyaim 4nwxdfvi:9d 6/8k of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchmw/indxkv4 a:i6 8f 9dange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is j00qj 6dzjhdrb7. q,zmaintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of bq6drz0,7 0 jhj.jq dzenergy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when wem j51sevhetx0- +z6831 J of energy is removed f-tez 05wj1ms ee6vxh+rom it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at wv7v q2;513/tlzuk lie0z0 ea daacs-$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eachln d7 kk iahvrh/4)+6h cycle. What is the khdh6 vk 7)i4+h lnra/efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J syq84syjje3,c nx ,3;0z venkof heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in4v0 cq;ssjyjynez8 3 ex,3, kn each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficibnm)og,)gq e4 t;7ybxency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heatbxb4)g ) e7gmyqo,n;t does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal ofh 9zts fbd84cl(8) qjr heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency lchzt)9(d4b 8 fjqr8sof each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 4-*+plle1dz10lun5f vc myzn/2 kcal. Calculate the work done eacn+1 l* vu0m/y5f zcndzpl-e1lh cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far*yyalzg umb. 45c0sa1fu6q s0 has the following characteristics: combustion chamber te q*0. 4yssc gmbfluza65 a1yu0mperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines buil3xbe6bi* 6v phtm :lm7t so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber hte mb i*:7pl6xv6bm 3temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficientfvl76: m)(idfnc6bk i engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatunlfi i)mvb66f7k (d:c re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 M6 9mgdu 9axwm,W of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 Ml/,hnr i 8p pgabv0 titc.)m73hyz1/4b;pkmuW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow +x5rozbsl47e 6cihky9uo7p* t2z1pa er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine zkf*,im/d5ff dv * d*dwhich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency poss ; rj)qujt+-vsible for an engine operating betwee);r+s- qvtjujn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engg6iwa5oh h86r n+lt(yine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if thh8h(5yt+rw 6 al6ig noe temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating h(3e68m dreg ccx)lr.between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes k4e,ef ocqcm(zdy-s efty)-0.s4 i .w heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each em4eqtc( oe-zcd )-k, fsi.4yf. yw0s cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate o)xc z63co529 tqn9 r;f pvbfnil;6phg f 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.gc3fhqp z69nf;pnvt5lr)c2;9 ob6i x What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrige0c;c. bju * g5(ivxu/rj6 vejmtv/6tfrator absorbs 230 J of heat from the free/ v/ecj.uuvb vx(i jt5 0 tm66grf*c;jzer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice mrl9p5 yo .8auj3;v h-jywr hn.e ua);uelt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice fd9opc:x5 pxz4reezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entrouzb+dn02v( rtcx8a;y q .n/3hwk fh,xpy changes b+ chbk,vwr8ndf xh uax(.z20t/n3 yq;y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at )nqs5u/r + i zkk6bg9x$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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