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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is an f3c(oq4wkr+j a2wn 6 h


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change icpnllz.+0ode- 0 q62xuedek4n

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermopvbd;y8ed sh:7- x sg7 9ggf(odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original phq9fc59wwnf y7* jl t*ge)7ivolume with no change in its temperature. q5 h9 cj7ytlnfw*w7pe )i*g9f This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Dultb gx( 16x-vuring this process, 6.0 J of ener vxlx-1(ug 6tbgy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressedky efk9rg; z;+zk8t mwq( /8su:5amhr to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressue5qky 8f;(s 8kgrz;t/9 m+zmh :uawkrre of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded islh/a1u zck bm -(4i(ayothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of eam /zk4(-hilau (c1y bnergy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated envize)ipw) c5b0vronment. During the event, the gas exchanged nocw)v0 b)ipz e5 heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermp3 (h/qoyakj0z:g e-zodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originbt r-s,jhfw 0/aluak3/5hz5fal volume during an adiabah,t/w0 rbh5kfj zfa/ls5 3 au-tic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except tjkr l m1s3-acvc;g9sigy sdt,(eh4/ 2 hat one containsem1/g ryt;,(l 4 aih9jc s-2gs3v skcd $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all r1*yvlv4d o .buespects except that one contains *vydv41lu .bo $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV b;m5s k gjx6;jdiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is ofu6g7:d6g iz0dcy8x no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therm.g9hvmh2vcf ov 5y:2w m:n8p codynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure4y(y 4f+sojfa sm.q4i n)fxs( as heat is added to it. This process i(.im yfj+fx)yqsa 4sfnos( 44s

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant d 4xrir3 0b5p:umjsm78* gracpressure. a bxru50 s 73:4 mrdg*imrpj8c As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV da v:6 wrq4cp9esif fl-h1x.wt *t1z0n iagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there :,i4v+yj.d zuell7x o is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therm.iz4,ngswogaz/rgso6 u f2* : odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot nw8edbm- 27i 72ouf9j 4hrtkxexpand as heat energy is adde9-2ed 7rnxj o8fib7uw2 tkm h4d to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tra vjl2f- yv+*0herm ohre2 w;7;zzi,uinsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal en,r rjhz2u*y;+vw; e oimv-fhlz 7e2i0ergy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law ofv5bo--*jr n c;welyuxhv*5v( thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold tl (nqa.t ,:(b0euv-bdr lq4c reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a 0;z3g z ny;/ egr/iw*pzzy6sucold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics acchx.x+c6sg3 c jxhe-;yu kt5g5 ording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how n8f:* w .a+9n kj-lllc+t /kslaymku:much wo kyljlw. cnuksl+laf: 8ta n+:/*mk9-rk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rlo/5 cvowt8oi 8( mw kn8g1g7catio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to)i 8w)h)o nknd be 100%, the heat sink must8hn)o )w d)ikn be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ov2lzxbr5:cz2 6 vq)ezf

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of th.,aa03+voyt1k6is jdbzot/7dc9g tz e second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a m*3ayhq+ jz4 p8amg/pn (dzt+ refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofnhqaa3pygm8p *t z jd +m+z4(/

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio ol a9bc5 lw xco1 pmb/p1x7wo9/f

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entykgz9- 7b t;p2c-mueg -aa7xz ropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermoqfpt rpa+v5*i2.+d gidynamics, for any process that may occur withi 2r ip+q*atvdfg+. 5ipn an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of k y 5rf33bfp had3(8vvthe second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclu6v mc/ xlmmgyiho.6- 6de that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed froi;iu-75em .tue msf +nm an ideal gas. What is the chae7ies+u tu-.m ;inm 5fnge in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal proccye5i1* , 0 jecdtu8lbess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the e0teylc, 81 cb*jd ui5work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas 2q;4noi y;dt7 kkzd+ qwaz+ (bsystem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is thzb tk2 qz4 +dq;a (d7yi;wko+ne change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. ) 9h:p 7w .dk3mgbgvogWhat is the change in ihod7g pgk3 b:w9v .gm)nternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whinfa r0uplr k gp0i;976le doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal ener9 gp;00ip6rf kln 7uragy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of w8iu3bmi gj.s 2uz k1:mq kt29a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work don 91322u. skgtzi8mqbk :jwimu e?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy1qi(5lz:7wz0 b w hnyh of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the helh (0zbywq5 hz:71nwi at exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is m)y.86 +gms bll e;wdy; 0mytdvaintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy ygv.;dmm6 d8)e;bst +0y lywlfrom the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of ez2 49ft: dngd*eb(sh j4df6fb4l oun8nergy is removed from it.h9n24 d4(4 *fgd nbzleutj b68os:fdf How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watv+ f7n 2c*uomemw4z 5ner at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receivecx08ca .k)hs ne5i )uak+y 9r-tdogy5 s 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effic)t dso-8+ a)u55.x0akgynr hk ciy9eciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivegkoge0fb5 t5lrh;af;f09qf- s 150 J of heat per cycle. How m 0g -;5kebt09frolfh afg ;qf5uch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recei2b g cp;2kp-et6a-fq (i)944sxxdgn- aschm tves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eh)gid(p6b4 xa c-4nasc; tg 2s2q-p 9m-kftexach cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kp7q.rq)4ndgj cal. Calculate thpj7n4)q rgqd .e efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 bfy90dqmuj bl xye0ul:0v0.liu2(m.kcal. Calculate the work done each cycldlm. y fix20 e0:uy0bqlvju u(bm9. 0le.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follo ojzvbbx;2d q 962-vfswing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =z6-bdbsoj 2f2q 9v xv; $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bcaahuw;5i8 6pd29h bhuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tedh96c85hwb p hi2aua;mperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built s qetwynzy*/(l9kz7mblx uz83(d9wx 2o far has the following characteristics:b y(8mz3 qnw *l7 tx929wzl(uxez/dk y combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant geneddos: u7o*ux1 rates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generateenm.sqf6a*j/s,tps 4 + 3vgmhs 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6007 dfw10pur19vd-j irnuqx fhslp : +3) MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency oft 41(gz ot5iymeg 0jo0 an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiencbm5wl+f 0 g6oqyqk-l1 2t:exfy possible for an engine operating betwee 1b6q-wy5m lxkg:o2l t+f qe0fn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. )zp1e jbxudg/ym fu8 5b7as k+b3i06s q2a3ju What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir ia15z +gb2yu0jj63aubpsx 3bkm ife 78qd /)sus $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating **o: xqhjxi;-i oevk7between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compalyc3b xj-i :,jrtment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. H,iyjx j -cl:b3ow much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezi9l zt9d+*wii kng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ+tdzk9l w9*ii into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerxdpxi2sp: o9 *ator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room.poxs* xd9:2 pi How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 5g9 uhom9r(p2o 0 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy isxey* (h:j u1pfdgl,7itsc;m.

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an y0 w8;:o: jbjye sdrw,isothermal expansion and its entropy changes w:,osdyr:j; b8jye0w by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at )xi+/) uirnzyk,( tsk8j(xma $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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