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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the dg:jq n88 +avfd+bp9 r x*4yxkT-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is85shj0:aw1x n i cud+c no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, -hxeovx-.msc9 -x6fl k0x*hn+y)fir$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its orv.+cazg y/gczum/7 i5iginal volume with no change in its temperature. This process iszm+.cicga 5z7y//vu g

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 4rapw t)4gbma(m5do+,nakn27s /jp1s b3ngy 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What idr + jb7npan/ ko )(mwgy35gan4s1 4pt, bsma2s the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orlq(qp+(h4 vg39ys4cal3 3 qybw(p lpoiginal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure o+lo chpav 3ls4( 9p(ygpq 4wq3(q ylb3f the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this p9hejv00xvpl; otz9. irocess, 6 t9ev9.j z;xli v0p ho0J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in 9gmjx wmo/f/h j51-x uan isolated environment. During the event, the gas e1f w5 /mo/jhu9 -jgmxxxchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodev/(lmnz7)qzg 6zmu s5x75dm ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half it :b*c8ta4a*k(vv mai xs original volume during an adiabatic process. t(*ib aa *:4ck mvxa8vThe final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects enit1x3 5jj3-2mlp8e;m o /*0u4zveiv okbbg cxcept that one contains0j b8jzg1pe2emu3o incilvob5*m v;/t-k3 4x $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one cont 8pdkgim(kb2x t2-0wyains bw 0kg8d(2myk2ptix- $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onzu)5amwg 15 oe tfm,5s the PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, the07i7 ips/fsa ore is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of gm *lh*a a*1gk;hep/w1ym u2l1fl 2qr thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is adde(kg(kxemk+ y 5d to it. This process i(k( k5+xym egks

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant f ohg5/iq5z/u pressure. As a result, the internal eigf/5 uz5hqo/ nergy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV div vdz*z:x.p,(sz(uwv; zdn.nagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, theremge;g hx06o.zrd5 a/ w is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the a;lea5e5c9)c0o eivjrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as hea(ybh 9(;owkpt.wois io: f 6:wt energy is added toos;:bw o : iwk((p6tof9hiy.w it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferreg 3rcb m0x1v y2fn9dc(ly *2nkd to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a re0c9f( vnmrygk 3l2nyc x bd21*sult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamics.nw (/n8dazy s/
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer h e)ml2onvjkd wa)h -t*/ qu5;zeat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir qcbl ka;ihzj . b+6)v6to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodye ndet2n,; ns(namics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how u2md4*/ 3q fz 9-lyqutbj 3bzdmuch work is done by an engine operating on this d9 juybd qflmb4/zu3*3-2tz q cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as thas wqw*a/f-rc,9nq2 i9 g;z0 yg ni4vje ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency ofrc*qc)a5o.w wt;li k: a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must b5o.c):;wl ci* wtrakqe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisn1:gggvu( zyq4 f/q7 dts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyna8rzuq. 9a uw.umics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerato ;(giv2gkx0if r is defined as the ratio o iix0fv( gg;k2f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performan*v9sgsnpvxjvz q)8 37ce (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wat 3o(mhlw m(u-fau1lx)er

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may ocb m iguc8i8no:r89 jw17oin,ucur within an isola,9oiun 7uicgbjro8i: 8m8 n1wted system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of therx+d33v zsd 9gs6a pcroidnr55ypdf( y*4 a.z1modynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclyact dw0o- z8 ,d9ek1yude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is b.ah 28;kvcxzremoved from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enerhv 8a.;2bxzckgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from r/mjyj5-8m ovazh 0+wan ideal gas. What is the work done in the prrhwa o+mjz -/jv0 my58ocess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal +yx:v c8k wpt5*,wvtuprocess is -400 J. What is the wt5u v kx8*c,pt+vwy :change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressingc n+2fdm 86 nhey;k:um a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internald:6f8+ nmn yehu2; cmk energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. n9xjk(oi7)ih8fg:d mg 4hu6d What is the chahj9)no xfi78u higg: 4dkd6(m nge in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dec, v+jqr/3zwg 9smuyjdk1fw/ .reases by 50 J. What is the w91 ,+zjkrw.mjvs/qyg3 dfu/work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric processivt1(+0 ; kuwfeocv1z :9ga zv, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchc1;:o0e9 k zwi ug+ vva1fvt(zange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic ga dt )o i.8gdmg60xj 5bwv59wnds is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of engg5d9jd odx6w58im )0n wvbt .ergy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is rem3 dl 0d dq)mtnb4v-bokv)r8+eoved from it. How many moles of gt dr0+4od vvnle- 8 )kdbm3)bqas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of w8kixf946vwo j tyd)xbciigar4r x l3.j q77;3 ater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 30v l)lcuk6py-f1,ff v;(n rq7;x2qawh 00 J in each cycle. What is the effic qp7yur2w1vxll- k;fah fvc6,;n)( fqiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per u5,m z9nnfu9rcycle. How much work does u5mufn99nz, r it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.,;h cu24xu*ukd-xon s0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust inxuc*sxdk2,uu4 ho-n; each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle vm4yvm/ vtwfv/. s l4.and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the v/t y4mvv wv. m4slf/.efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 4*h3w+3m py ,s6i ;yi0zgdlhdc:ylti42 kcal. Calculate the work dopw3lgih6;3yslc*i zhdymdt i y, : 0+4ne each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effictq. *i+ekubt .6nnsx5fh0 pi l ,ee:y0ient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatxu5 ifi0n:0et6.n*qe.kpyet s lb+, h ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characten-zll9 uiq( 2+obk/l tua/ o4wristics: combun4z2/l ooui9( -l blwt+qu/akstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following ch iz.x*vr0 r1bxaracteristics: combustion c xxvb zr0*i1.rhamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. They d .cw:sn6ki;zx (0cq5i 8nrz plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant u1o8 zjeopoc)z4v53op 7 9 mzu(r iv(veses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plar .pgb rjbgw911d ;,tekxa, n9nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operatef 1kyxe;a 2w.n1z tqul22b s4ss between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engincn0yn /fvm: d aad+,e4e operating betwea+cmy:dnv f/, d n40aeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temx5y( 2)robz zzperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot re)r(5b xozzyz2servoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between s2l 6:n6).hmybji o(67lk ulys7ig de$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes he ru*w77sjdg7l.sn y5qat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ intodj7qsw n577ruys *. gl a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from th; fay;b- i utc:gmz-,ue freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What- augt;;c m:-b i,ufyz is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a a +sny(b;,/. aaett nirefrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much n yaa /,a+.bsitetn ;(work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of i+ npjp0dvdi7j/3ik6p ce melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice . mq1cixm ej73 (7ovaihfr 1:xfreezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP39bk 4dqc-ehtbjv 4q( undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy change jqdvbc39-4h 4kq(tb es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at q-04 ep-lghkc$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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