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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is an ;s;rlgxz9kr-ym /pnj52 o:4lzq km*u


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no d3pex z;hg6oj :qa2o (change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of vog1nu6p6t1id6 9y cf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with nkmkl;d ycyol/+m h; e3+6mq j8o change in its temperature. mj;o+6k3ylqh mkdelcy8/m + ; This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isotc9a j0r- cvu 87m;sxe bra)q0phermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external jv8a7c- e)us9;mxcprar b0 0qmechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumeh vg,9io4vvs0h 5fi3yihw+( yn3is*c during an isothermal process. The fin0isw*i33gi9y ischv5n 4 vo(h + hf,yval pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isot9sg tyj4s 2h3vhermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechansvs3 2yg 9thj4ism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isola cztw 9lwl(*:huq62j rted environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with itzcww2r ltjl9 :u6q*( hs surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therm7pane8rr+1z+ tb+k mja u1m5:pm1b crodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compre / ft:icqiqa)s1 g3tpgn y5;3z* z;mlsssed to one-half its original volume during an adiaq; s :/zcgp;3nt) qgs5y 3mi aflit1*zbatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excf8iy61af 8ex wept that one contains y86ai8f wexf1$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contg2oe*ppt9.s k oet4w 0ainspkt 02.tee 4g9*spwoo $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the jz6jikidq f8;aw1;:.km3ilx PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no6;qe )uzb+bxo change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therml-kf.-3g2s yqu aj8q y+xpbl*a)pu r:odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added t(yyihdo1h ,*m*mb5f;fd s/v go it. This process *,*df/ i 5ohvfmb1yhg(dys;mis

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred t*t*5 vik oi8qtz 9mj3uo a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas u* im35k8tqtzjvo* 9i

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is) p*f4j2xda ya


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proc;ha lro.e/.a//yssto/j) nofess, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, )v.g0j: kyqof w)cg s +f9 xtato)(6wp$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot jyduvr o3hrbu4-8 o s1h56a7dexpand as heat energy is added a3d1obyd5u hh uor-864sjrv 7 to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consm )kaatf62 9qmcw7r .otant volume. As a result, the i ) 7f6c2.kramoqtwam9nternal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamicej-2v4 mb ddl8s.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot res 0;r j-dnwswbqc308dservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heakf yi;9r9rbdr+es (7h t from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordi rxhgmii b467en g:+d+ng to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle2lv3obj 5l2co jo.o6i illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operaj6 ol2ooc5l2j . bivo3ting on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat 3 is br0 wg;kqmwutt(:ojc ,5s+4 mxh+engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the hp (/r ev.syow0eat sink must bw0ep v. or/y(se

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists e+lbnxt9 s(:x .xl (zho-r -blof

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of 3tvawhu o1ipy2f brz:pk08y za y92k;w,y./athermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) qpb2xz m vj:h551kj8x of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of 1mjzxbq5h5v8xk:j2 p

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is dez 9u s-ve;bbm0fined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of towt95o-oa k( ,7fyzwthe water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of there ,cf;+32t e9d+ nd hbg;xybblmodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choi 32xn;bbdt + l+e h,b9cegyf;dces applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law 0y)m ) wg11ux80vxz5klyyj jxof thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude u0xwn0/2yt jh that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fwxdn l.;i hl5)rom an ideal gas. What is the change in internal ene)l5. wnix ;hdlrgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ides,; ctr:awjih6ui .+ual gas. What is the woiuiw ,scjta6;:u+r .h rk done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal ze90g/ gn )awnuc 1f/riacq +;gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change qa/ rfgnw 9)/0zce;+ian1g cuin internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the 1pvlugs .6lao+.en3b*f cb t07f jgfdvdl 7.,change in interdjo6u*.0le7gs1.l 3 ,bpfn+. cf gblvtf av7dnal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proaw 8tddlv.j8 /cess while doing 25 J of work. What is the chalj8 d/v8 w.atdnge in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. ;:opn0 9 emeb0y vl6ay a1*9ohpbhe6aWhat is the work done?* 9opbe v e10y9y:oba6ehmaap 60lh ;n

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system d t9q8sm v8i/ygmcs6d*;u ys3bw ow7q)ecreases by 50 J. Wha y u;w/odm7y8b*mq )q8cvgsss3 6tw9i t is the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maixzigvu+ j-x 29elkp x;6k5pdao v((x0ntained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by th5j6xk(glk9p; xa x+vz0- udiox2pev (e gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at con ao,oqv qd0p7z.)3tmn urp2+ estant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How p 0m+tpr)vuen3d q qo.a, 7zo2many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watn+wxn h*5)vzd ty /d9oer at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 ,lwia;q ;xay+ c-+qgqn; irx(p6wd)uJ of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the 6a(q)q+la +qxu c;xwip,nigd;-yw; r efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficie kzn3-g hq*j2sjs0 8zbncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much worbj*8zhn gj z2sk-qs0 3k does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rece x oq 7v*2u2sy2;yxfdzives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat 2 f*;udz2y7 ox2svyqxdoes it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculaufo,yvhnacg*t b )491 te the efficiency of each cy1f4b),vua* h o ngcy9tcle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kca;4 j6u7qlim xnl. Calculate the nq67xjlu;4 m iwork done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chansqtk yu5e4: 8tb1k:v racteristics: combusnsq::utyvt184 5 kebktion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built c)20 nh ucp.wnso far has the following characteristics: combust)nu2cpwhn 0. cion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficientq,1q l8 ja-flx engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =x8a q jflql1-, $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elmx q- 1vyl wsee;,:5im:tvra5ectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. 9ka:ly 5 t(xwsThe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gxggg;a :p bf2(enerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efbx1o*6sj p2l- pe/h. zqsaay. ficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possiywtr:l,t47e.dn/ jti8 a*zj b,v 4aluble for an engine operating betw4wda tzttl u lbjij4*v:,78r n.y/,aeeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is rj ib.c yta *ul m,k4vw;)ovy:;z/d+ gthe temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the4 t, m:+j;.vlaoi/c;wdzkv) u *ybrgy hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatingtsdo 2+-u,qe,z9;z gni7 kmrj between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comparxx s z6)3u-zhem*m5emtment at the rate of 20 kJ andm-5z3zexm6 h) smx*ue ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compar hror)am9onym..+) a+ .kkf ngtment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffia+koo na)n h.m yf.m+gk 9)rr.cient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operatucaq (re ko-9j fh*:.lion, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the rfcj( 9lahu qoer.-k* :oom. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50pq:3l iz9*o0s.j q 5tnawdf1 a g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy 3+u3 /fbve tj0 ae-kwtis

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergo.jj.gnw+slwl8uc6m) 8 d 0ixd ) rx0xkes an isothermal expansion and its entropy u0+wwdmj6xdncj.r .g kx 8l8)x)s0ilchanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ortd ;zr ;g 8v8c*.vvk$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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