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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is w ytm6gf;ro /s;j.pvafm/ut2iu-* x/ an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change in ik tuvc/a-);:m; drhb

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna0t1c(ttvu 7f ;pw/1l alqwx a:z5.hxnmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tsa4 1t8undu-pemperature. This process-41 8dnpat usu is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L;o +yeu 7myd66nha 04cz q2ohy. During this process, 6.0 ;yz0myhqeay2c o 6 7unh46+ doJ of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origi2.uvc9-ofb* by 6x tihnal volume during an isothermal process. voxi2cyh*6f- t bub.9 The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, ohvb11fbpmmuc ) +c:, 6 J of energy is expended by the external memo cbv1fu+)mh bpc1, :chanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event,s bvo l+:9vach *8rw.z*yg-d sq.t ,mt the gas exchanged no heat witvsmd:y8cto*9w-t vra zq. lsbg.,*h+ h its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, 3 p.pb()jo9;,ranpdl*pwjjw $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas gq 51x:oyw:iesi6 rj5is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressur:1syo565gxrj iq:wiee of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one e;o6v 67w.evda3rcq7l0ydx)czvs n.containsol; e qc cvvdz7 6dv370rs.e.n6xa )wy $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excep2v lw)go vw 0)nyb)ft1t that one contains vtvg)2fbww 1 o0)n)ly$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrmu yx6gr1.(8aoe m;zqam is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change di: )tod0vok7 in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thect0ec2 op: qd6rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is 9kgtq9+;3rbzx5 nhdlc .r + en:zo6ykadded to it. This process3d:qyl 5 gx9rh9trocnzn+; .bkk6 ez+ is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred a 8pj: n3:, 8sv varo)w a;ei.oe*iofmto a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure.*, eov8misoviw)anr: p; aoae:fj 8.3 As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thedeuz3o1 3q+b a;3qeu m PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, thrvo(g(*8 0xcuc3oygl ra4121w apq -2xor xyr ere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the p- 1u72kekatnti:3w7lefje (fznm 0 8rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a r7h *gl*+s sp6lt vfkl,igid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thl +kth*s p6 vg,fll7s*is process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idealoaxbt b3yc:h tyc.n 4-k8( v(dxa5/nd gas at constant volume. As ahv-t(dyx8n (y4d. btka c5/ axcn:o3b result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodf /d7k 2naolj rtw23(tynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot 5 nmrmqf 70i+vreservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a:kt pqujy( ec) t,y,:n hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics c02(kfcto6/9rwc /pvjy6fmcf 1be5 oaccording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mt;c4x)tqm qq),dz *n gar )cj+uch work is done by an engine operating on this cycle? q md,gqn*)c)tta+zjrx q4c; )


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the uj b /eo 0mrp3e7(pg3:n xm3kfsu mybn4*(yt5ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnob+jes(t q vl ql 7 9vu)-b4ww*eca,t8md9m 3rvt engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bc dw 4)l embuv*q9bm,tta7-sqe3+8j9 (v l rwve

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis1cfnf7 c:c9 xtfwiqjg1 a 6-*ats of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of,dyg/f .fj 10x c 4qdnfi0hsh):naje( thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performan- mkeyvy1,em 6 e*6xrjce (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of*mrkjm ,ee-1ev xyy66

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat p1wn41vw uw i-xump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy 9 dflh6dhrr*6: oljy )of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that ma smjmxa iwd.4 3z4,;bay occur within an isolated system, which one of the choicezajmim,d.sw; axb344 s applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second lapkq mqknkg: ec p6* ebxw48kv1:8d.q;w of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conc8i,6 vwq;nb; ef37qkiv l5dyx lude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removedm,8 r l:m.qnoi from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energy?8 .l,om in:rmq

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fryl-xod3hm8w bnes- g2n/k8- ag9 yt9kom an ideal gas. What gnkb xy9kol-g3wenm 2shd8 /8 ta--y9is the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process ifa s0x 8oq/d6ss -400 J. What is the change in internal enos0xsf/a d8q 6ergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in co ;i/7tkytnf eon.c/b+r:- kdd mpressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal /nokdner : tc -.kd/tb; +yfi7energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of w;zr,j n(8;ad e ;qkf.hntqv (eork. What is thekzt nh.e(;,qa qnr ;; edj(v8f change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systemdty,1y14 s7n)sajzp iq 9q4 pi decreases by 50 J. What is the d7y)141q9zj, piis 4ay nqtspwork done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process,)a( hk40q h bq8mfdbae h:;;fwe :y-di the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What0-qdb:8m;h4 y :i hfebedak(h )fw;aq is the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volumjfboui/yvp-ef 3t- *b j s/-2qe as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of enpu*/vjbq2fjyot/ efsi3 b- --ergy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of ener8afg8):yefr egy is removed from it. How many mgeefr8:a 8y f)oles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg -ltn3jas a.grfj w a d8,3c7t70yeu /rof water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat a2 prlsyx n6u(+w38 h9kbxe89ol u ,xownd loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effici9 y wx28 serhlx,6+39 bx8kuolw( onpuency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cnm6m35h 3z4okrs4yum 5d m0 fxycle. How muchkm3d5m4r znho mx56us y403mf work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% azchi,)h 1+jx and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eaahc)xhzj+i, 1 ch cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyusdia8: 6hjyc*y cc(+cle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyc8s+uijd y:cc yc h6a*(le.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle 9(qlpa.6pkr i and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each al9.pq ri6(pkcycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has tin:wq 3xrt2xpq8hi+ 2 he following characteristics: combustion chamber tempqt:2pnw 8xix2i+ q 3hrerature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following y241n-sb3v05leqss- fg htvu characteristics: com4nlefv-yt- h5ss gbq2suv1 30bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characht :bc6nhx 9 ffr,srgjt68:4,kqgt6 ;rlas7ateristics: combustion chamberhn rrcrls6g :q 4jxsa:ft6t97a, k;f,b thg68 temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generate*..kq o wwgsdn 4t;j;pr+hede 5nx1ip4gg :5is 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The u4v rz6 4je)oaplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. ogd,xi lxk n:* yz8*z5The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betweze)); tlg)eqv8, jt;atn w tmo:;w:pyen $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency1 q9jfr,+x;oq:h4ql 7zpnbf l possible for an engine operating betweenbqp,zq7q:j +lfh9 4lf o1nxr; $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cuprhs2zcnp,nl ,ni /5k-r0i: old reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir ,n nsr,hn5icl:p kr i0u2p/-zis $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between ;48vdbl1 xc j+b6acgu/0fdaw $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the eepqga* bn5j; 69oq+ifreezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycl+qe i*o5n;9ag ebjq 6pe. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes hea 74;q+0yq;tl b-s+dhhwish lat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per lhdbyl;+wt7 sq0ai 4 ;sh +q-hcycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the frv1h./oj 1s*jww;s0 n6 jq ubxxeezer ando60j;h/jqs x1 wv.*ns xu1jwb expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g x m( -r4n, la: mc)zhpc.le8qrof ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrolvpq5oq 1y*1 spy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotherma dymqd-1+im9t sshqw447+lszl expansion and its entroplzss- dh +qtd79smq 14 mw+yi4y changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at *jt7 3 /slb.a:9pel xz549ini koe dyf$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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