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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics

 作者: admin   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onh*32v0zq0uovli f q hhg dl4.4 the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thn zwa2au : 97dy+ii:isere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynan r1yj mek0x)ao 0/m/oruo (*gmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twic ha9x fvz3r3qzj5l; 6ge its original volume with no change in its temperature. Thafjz5 ;6zh r339vx lgqis process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process,+ anrq/ o qdszyi00w34 6.0 J of energy is expended by the r4n0i3d+/ qsqzo 0y awexternal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compress-zo0qk7z lz; aed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of la0z-7z;qokz the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expaq0 n)ghv *yx mfcyi;1(nded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gasymcqi v*1 ;ynfxgh( 0). Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the g0qr s/e pjx9dsl v70vy07q7xiz0krw;as exch07k ewspqdrsxr 7/lvy 079i0vjqzx ;0anged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, :ircy(j g :hg-zh9 2od$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is cokkpy-jf+vq/ k3 .qkl/ eg,k9xmpressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabaticf qjgv3,9k kq.kk/+/ k e-lyxp process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one cojc61g2(ach n3krc,o pntains gjrk cp 1a6c23h(onc,$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in alf0d48 qz1*gp aezwuz8l respects except that one contains fz u*p84 aw01zde8gqz$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on th-n mzn30hshk x9u 4de+o4dh0je PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is n f;pl5oa3az;,1v/ s-vxzuak wo change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics -cz t(lkygn dvmrw 06d(gyqc4(p59o3 , $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thig9vtml50 6in w6xz z,os process 5 vtz0 mxl,oiwg6zn 96is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constjua,- j 2elcrz0c/0j)n i(kvwant pressure. As a result, thr) k j0e,ui c(an0v2lcwz jj-/e internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagramyoo) e,d2c 7+-ae- *btndqb rp is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is n2qnnym. x78xm o change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam74qeog*a g8xz-s 8n8 lfx+hp wej2oy5ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a ozcf ,/yqyqy2f c/8e8pm1rfcs3 ;vk0 rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added tc8 / e 1op02mr8vysyfcc kyz,ffqq;3/o it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfew . s77f5r exwle.*x+,re ( xqjujk0wirred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas5. eu+7exwj l7jx0qw. x wki,* rr(fse

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of tbe 62p2vfv9kz l. zue h8pf)7vhermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to aqp6x*a o*k kl6 cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a co6,- p sid; syq/ u9 qfbfv4-io9jv7kvkld reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius. pf40awmjt/;m4;fnl ( ozt*dy
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle ilok*3f xqzkq;nts8 y7 0lustrated here. During one cycle, how much wo*nfko q8xk3 7 qsy;t0zrk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined scnft f88/.c nas the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the hkmeg/wm o*7gcl.s ,t8eat sink must be gk 8,e7.solcw*g/ tmm

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis/x 0a l1 /rvqc9k3d2 *)ganifd)bckf vfpb2z4ts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynam bfgw 01riw+w/a8wiq+ics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refri:eo0g2rw.5 1wp2s l:(a wm z9rumrhpogerator is defined as the ratio o1lr: m5up22w 0wrrpgwz( 9o e :ao.hmsf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the r /qs *1y6h odpgjd9 b.+ysyd6iatio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy u/ep3;q ceq o+q)( dwtof the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamdlx d 15e/m4ly9m lfws+p,y1mics, for any process that may occur within an isolated systemlmmedml/+y y1 s p l9xfw4d1,5, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the7rg4 / n+wr/qc2cmphgyb +v 1nbb*0nk u,ofm- second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to v0 k1zf5nq7s evpgj85conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of e h4il+ws0*uyheat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal eneri40y e *ulws+hgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process q )nma7x(;q9 9r4gt caytuh.s, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work donnrs xg)q7c4 aam;9ttuqh .(y 9e in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal txj(fb.(u f)1z08w)b* wv yts,dgca m process is -400 J. What is ths , )tu)bgx m.wbw0y(c z1(jaf8 fv*tde change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in co5vr l wb:ec*e t)nc+,ompressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in)c br ,:*tov5+cleenw internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 2sdup-vv q 4y3l. r(nf+5 J of work. What is the changev+(3y n.ldsqpr4 -fuv in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal en lzdof3y-)4tdergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work don34) zd-ltyd ofe?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the 8 *tfe 1:g.tu9eyldd bbb4r1h internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What h1 bedl9 81*. udtge4frtbb:yis the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it iku;h0 s,2ov mmjvf87xxa nb 8ukxq1)0s cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energyb a8uq,)o2x01 mf vk7;xxhnmk8j uv0s from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 Jiw0 mdn0jy fooi4v 2bl0c*- 5s of energy is removed from it. oifds*i5o0nw4-b v 0lj2 0ycmHow many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water n16j x-79dsqlj/, p 5(qcrpa4uopg jq at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and l4v-w v2:nmwl (ucm/ vhoses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiency?m(w2h wu- v c/4:vlvmn

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficie jmnt x4c2- k(d590wnxmbl7 zancy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perfnd4 (n7 k- tx0mm5a zx2cbwlj9orm in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hemq+6k0z0uc 9wt) awepv-z2 dp at per cycle. Hd -q wutz2w9p+)k0 epcv 6zma0ow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyc5t rm ,d cffqbn5(+k-zle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cy(kt fn zfdcm5q,5+b r-cle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each q lo .6m,ue5ren8wkkfiu;- *xcycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cy;-ux5urofm,6*k l.nik 8 qwe ecle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far 1lz -tcyqv: ,n1bou) shas the following characteristics: combustion chamber t slvczt1no:)b q,1- yuemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterisu0p de9a;3r zb69y j56sjxjsstics: com6 zj j3ud99p 0rsysbaje 6s5x;bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteris 2zf 1j4g;daqitics: combustion1qa2zgdj; 4if chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pll3 m952,t w x pf,v;mabvfxbt(ant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600xyjg( lkm7 (rl97k0lgzc*u (u MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plaw7bfd 5wi o,7:k1xndg nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates bs4 ogsszwgwm+ui-.d x+9vi3.etween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum 0uvlw4 rc:e3 otheoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betw3 :r c4oevw0uleen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatur)kf9;cn :wtt*aq d7lhe of the cold reservoir if:qlct*);an7tfh w kd 9 the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatil sds:n*.xe) gng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment atq-y j3u;83.yogv+tu cw megp2 the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requi.3w gy qumujg 2vepo83t-+cy;red in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the fr c3 wkv95v-tateezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of k5t9 -tv3wavcperformance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerato1-jb7+eig7d:avwftk z roxf: 2 gh p(0r absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work i (:b+2z7ghf e: ov-xg 7 j1fwtpd0rikanput is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy 4o/7.q. oe wmk-aebnd+s, dnmwhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezesq pjnjw+b/41 g, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP under)w wx/gk/x /vigoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changwxx/iw kgv/ )/es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at +mv5;( 9weiny *euxko$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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