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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grap/a 4jn/wnv 0(eybk8ooh is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, 31w cgow f zo5vwz7-8xthere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,+flwl5.;ypl nn w sr5f+1.q2kecjem+ $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no 7* c -s;fta3j(edx;6fz pree:(mbw nychange in its temperaturexe;* d7aepty-(nc ;f3b: jfwr6( se zm. This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to4 b yz4hujl4x/ 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of intzbu4 j y4xh4l/ernal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressehr i f,+i/,kary kgsg8er3 w2/d to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. Tkfer3wkg,g/2yr+s8/hi ,i ra he final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isotherm1;eiliw k d/:pi;m vp.ally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the 1d;vmi.pl/:pk i e;iw gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, fchzog 3y s4b5k.7n,nthe gas exchanged b, h3fgocn457 k nszy.no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tuzsz shvl:fye ;/g* : qq +0wmv;99qpvhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origixh:. t4a vv2gt3/-c)ftoeg fvnal volume during an adiaot4 x-2 etft avfvcv3) /g.hg:batic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in al01w9 f:k j*qf3uzu5 qupn *kbkl respects except that one contains*fuqjbf9 3p1uk kn w5uzk :q*0 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identicah e09:a3zzq -*livc tjv .mg8kl in all respects except that one contains jmz.kh9 0 e avgztl-83iv*c:q$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is 4brf /kg5p:ajan


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no ci8 (94xb, hpf a7ycrzehange in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofubz(siqm2 s 97 thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expv8i fuwob22hwo;7r*f 46mgutand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process6 g*wb7uvto r iu;f4m82wfoh2 is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy adz bac, i8 0 tu,ok;3cqgyr8p8 04ldaxre transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the 4rtku,z0pc la38,bo ad 8ic8qxg; y0d gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dico3 l uazo+skf- (.,pcagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is noaqjck/bpomy cv0f0b l0 uw 947)c1z4o change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody-nue p-a r:1 j)7xlb1zmo3co; cci qs9namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat6hvdjkpeu8-;b jau l36q i 8hhi0(wa- energy is addedibwje 8vh-i ;lha(60 kuqhjd863pa- u to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferziz3agrfe; s+m;9; x ha3o+ bured to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of tzf+hzm;xoa + ig 93b;; s3reuahe gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of therman8e2dv w:w/o1thxe1 mt*z4 u odynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a ho+*br*.. kupz q)hfwez t reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoi37yms3hp nejioz8gw-,+q hu+ : g 5rjer to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according terpk+uftkvk.g9n ;6uo u j : n*y00qv5n6u g;go Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, hh33.+timuqus ow much work is ith. u3+u 3mqsdone by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of)td8uh m8dm4 * wjq6hs

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat2uzf :y /)ohid sink mustouh dyi:f2 )/z be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists cl nq.ju,onhqq0 o,22 of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the 7r (z syy.oo3gsecond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a ref9+mh 33u92f 9s4rg juptzcrwarigerator is defined as the ratio of4mj pr+f93 u3t z9aw9husc2gr

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ra7*.0mx ohtjl7 ydvlsrnj,u3*tio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, th.jj +4lj.it ate entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process thatx:/o fep:fw :q may occur within an isolated system, whichfx e:w:/:pqfo one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynhaxpqvj u k/;+ul:,/ zamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics lsj;shdg e9s )mlb)f427rrk8. 1t q hxneads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fro7fg8 )szyosr 6m an ideal gas. What is sz o7f)yrg6 8sthe change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process48 ft1b:)j-x1pv 0wf*mp8lvwcv+, l q yrjtiy, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is thqlt 1yv*c4t8mx p:rpwvl8 j- wjyfb+f01iv,)e work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal pro)6ne e2cb6 covcess is -400 J. What is the change in internalno e6ec 2v)6cb energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compe xa2inf9d z84ressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy ofd2iznf9 xe4 a8 the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What sruvx-t:c d gfphc2 8 *my-w*7is the change in interna8r:-svdu 7pgfcxt m* -h* wc2yl energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systemice:j9yb8 3d k decreases by 50 J. What is the work iyek3 j9cb:d8 done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases b p6t-* tctu3 d)v+ cxqh.rf)ezy 50 J. What is theu-x)drcet*t3q f)h.vzt +c 6p heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained atmrkov/t5 hme.,x )u9a constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by t5h m/urkoe. ,xmv )a9the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is 36u fx*kr1wwn removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?xrn 136wukw*f

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0:nhc6 k3y/e6at1c vai kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of hedztgtas( ey18 * 9xt y3v(gu/pat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the et u/ystdge9zv* (t8g x(1 ya3pfficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 15 r(ezuyx6 o6qklwr4,0sf e6r-0 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in 0ezrr-e6y4uwkxlr(,6 qof 6s each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efflz(xc+ dge, xj+9uabuuv ) w06,3ygfmgz* 3lniciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eac3 x ,03xjgun*6lzfaz 9uw+lgc m u+dybg(e ,)vh cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcalj qp6+n-;mzmv. Calculate the efficiv;-+zqmp6mn j ency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. q6; xg,j( uy8r(f6zcp9mo p okCalculate the work done each cyclgp8,6om ( (x9kp j;6fcouq zrye.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engiw/ko9 v2yi0 s1q2cp gs9z*sur nes built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temper*uc2sw 9i/ sykr zs02 pgo9q1vature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far h0 pkq1rj5zwj 9as the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature 0 w pjz1jkr59q= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built s6;7ggf mc;a+duft /g)jfeu) go far has the following characteristics: combustion u;fcm d7ag t6)jggf+/)gu f;e chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW aq)td6n)9q 5aul:nuqn;6k ur of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electriqhpvt3lwt9 ty-atlw)d4f c/a ;/qx08c power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant u/7wvr6tjlvp q:y.r) eses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficicfkt 0s9v5z3 ) 8hubnk)vvlg 7ency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theore9wj1snino)73 snt g 7;.vdl twtical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwtlt9 ;jd7s 3w ninv7 wsn1.o)geen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the tp4 n,1pdo9m zx* eii3femperature of the cold reservoir if the temper,zfi4 oxp*e d1nm ip39ature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating ta76e0 g5wyurbetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing zox30sml2+,bsc;iyn f s)jg. compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Ho+ y)2gbis xzm 0scj3 ;nsl,fo.w much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate or *4xvdb1 +hkof 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of per r+1kd *4obxhvformance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operati;p+/ssc * on npuqq*z)on, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to nnoc; *ssq* pp)uq z/+the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g wxg h s)/l-vba 3;oc10)d0r1dojx tmoof ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezevfa5 i;b n)8+ pv6i rgpl)u(d(4aziprs, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP un pmc-z d/kw,y)768gpxw -2)ypri kdnndergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes )kxn ny8 g,mw)w /dyd-- 2ppi76pc zrkby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at hl li-70*o zmvzk4rx2 $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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