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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph in, qz/2vk7zmqs an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thaos)f7w8+5d l-fx;lbrtd t /y ere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodaw ) upf41i gag2s)9uyynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice itps byi.:h.yce1qt p(v9p yt1 sy-0cf)s original volume with no change in its temperature. T p s1:)i vby0cy-e19.fysq(tppc h.t yhis process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fromrrp0pwbz27+np *x bmq5uot /0 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.p+wmoqpxuz t2 7nr0bb5 r*p0/0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isotherm2ohtj6dwg(w. al process. The fingj. ow6hdtw(2al pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isotheb*+eea9s 6ul26fw ket rmally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the externat9k2*b w6lefe+6s ue al mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isohjo;x0cwm ;-xo;*spk lated environment. During the event, the gas exchangs*cxk;0o j; ;o-wp xmhed no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of .y gln5kz:1a0)u i6vw ;, fyfy5 maweythermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durintlfi l36 1e8 izjrzl15g an adiabatiii1 l erz5lzl6jf83 1tc process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all2 ;-ipad1 aaiqrc /q)n respects except that one contains )qcd-aapi2;ianr1q/$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one :/-ly tli/wdz containslw/d-y: tz i/l $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram k,uu3d w6x- bjis an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chang;cjuyo e6;/ene in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna2+b7o7 15jkh vkvou+ho paz5 nmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expi , md)sdj)w:of6d aeo do:roie293s3and at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This prr)d3s:f)e9adoo3 mo6de so j:,dwii2ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to yz; tjvo1cku8 po g:6fi 0sedf87: 9gya sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energyet7 g o: s8j k;yo:zp9f0yfdvu1i8cg6 of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram o9 rbudc o59u5is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chj 9 /rqm):0 er+ck guizr.8iyjange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermoz54aqa f iym pbkff 6v.q2m(95dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid contarw/4 a 23iyntginer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process n ag/ yr43w2itis

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy arek4b +dy l5fedrvh- )p* transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the gase khv+d )f*5bl-4d pry

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod/ z,tgh m6cu:bynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot resqb4l3 fu0u.jy-cbs/o ervoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir rhn/ ugzbs6 -9to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accord y xhq4i9ej/+ .e0k5. ckuauvging to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through l056g1uh c ejbfnh ,j/u y,qy4the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by uefjh,nj4 yyu6clh5 /bq,01 gan engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a hel9y.ncb80k h1 w vzd:wkb -9beat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the he btx- 4umarsb(ze8 o it((w;*3tlko y7at sink must btz3 ia*m t(ytue7lr xo((-8;wk so bb4e

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist408 ykej/xs4gut jsheen zcctt6 ,;( .s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the seconjl-u pi,( jav2 w:( pjt-irue+d law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defi8q01x( by :ybhfn-n -iio:vt rned as the ratio o q -x 1nv -irh(ot::bynf0y8bif

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) 6m/ksj-uy1 fum c vvv zbvsj6i6g03(1 of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the +q n6,xah )*igdkz 8gq-zuvt; water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pro iqsck9hb4b n), lq*/kr;c8 xacess that may occur within a / iq9)lh*s4nacq kb8k,cxrb; n isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second )3 - tuk0i6kbmz-gx7w fmavu) law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics lead1rc4 x5nu5 igas us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wh+cv6k( r +o7hsj4anxrjp+ e)h at is the change in internal energy?ho ve4k7(nhjrj+x+6s cp) ra +

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal pgx8k3cyrv 8, zts(vq /rocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work gv(z38xq/8,cr ksty v done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system y6zk 8v 7dp:fxd s1s8ein an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change v8szde8xy fp 6k:1 d7sin internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressinnlu/+md7llm m mmau4- g6o59a g a gas adiabatically. What is the change in intel /a7ullm5u4amm6d9+-n og m mrnal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an ad4 4xx )is9l5xso(i-n ohig nl2iabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the changeiox( shnogs i)xnllxi4 452-9 in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the interns 8z xzk7xrvu9:h)us,*.jog jal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What ishg)rs 9u suj*8,zxkoj. xv:7z the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J.54sqr+f )xlm y What is the hlxy+4 r5qsm) feat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatom,vtom tx6jdex/,1v;c b z; +pdic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much w cet1xbvo dm/x;6,v+ ,zpt;dj ork is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy ist c/73wj-r qjh removed from it. Hor jw/cqjh37t -w many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 5d hgv4 ynq-ul 1m:le7kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 er64-h8,yfl/n r .r a2co8wmecr jo4oJ in each cycle. What is the efficieocneh4la rc/, re8.wy64jr8r 2 o-fmoncy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency om)xp2 k1x1wgh9ftr.b ap,c o 1 snw;m.f 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How m o,mxt )skg1rawm1 nx h1.cp9b 2f;wp.uch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% ag6vyd/)h )fyjnd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eac6y ))vdy/hfjgh cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal+qp6vo1c94 ks pr8 2 konypxdb5k)fw )b2;o ne. Calculate the c) )ov8kof5y62n k ;2e npp9bk4wxqsb+d1 op refficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal ofpbba)uow16x ea762 kj heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eak6aoa6pxb7b wej) u1 2ch cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has nhw)q /vd)1dc the following characteristics: cod qn d1/hc)vw)mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterism, 0j rw,e)es -jwr2dbtics: combustion chamber temperat 2wb,d 0jmje srw-,er)ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficie 6 hc)4qwem 31jivtxc+wst;;gj,nk-tnt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature ;+)mwx- 364 teh1 g ;j,nc kwtscqitvj= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 M0v /9p*ij mu/o5*r0r5xh-n s qd xtbweW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pla a b9eqnow+8;zlco /c .3/fethnt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 60 x7vwtt5jo5gl9 i+ik0 0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betw e xy+-ph9*flqat)9duaub1:4 wrh+qe een $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical effipj f; pblu90:nciency possible for an engine operating between bnfu ;0j pp9l:$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engo jb+ hrbit,r6q i)71ka) vh(cine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold rese)iti o,q+7akrbj1h ch) vr(b6rvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatins /+ ah; aq7c,b/faozqg between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing com6q9hnd8mz+ maa 3 gzo8partment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How mod8az6 89q 3na+mh gzmuch work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at thb el f1fy+ i6 dku736-a/morbqe rate of 20 kJ and 6 6qaidlrk o7ye-+ m/u3b1f fbejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat fromkg* 0l-f t6 swwii6l xujgd:2) the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required i*k-d) gxtl i 6i26 ug:lwjf0swn each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in lp 1s(r88m +/jttieiv entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chs-2,r3marv xr ange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undj ;dkyef1;z*hwg ovsge.3 +b;ergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy sdhk zyeg1 ;e3of.*jwvg ;b ;+changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at o* 4r 2 s3p5xko p,6cl9cfpccc$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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