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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on tqct(+* ca vlv;he T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no changerzgsjm ;g2n2, in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of qnjwpg3cn n2 /1slq3 /thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tel 32;clnbj ,anu 6zc-dmperature. This pr6c;bn 2n-cau,zjdll3 ocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed issjvxkvl*6k/mz8/r:c mh h10vothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. jh 1cv l:/rzv/mmkxh0 8ks*v6 What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its qy,,sxh us5 ,gfrq2)t 2zw5gu original volume during an isothermal process. The fi525y2ug,qr u,h)tq gz ,swfx snal pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expaqtnpbg d*s,: 5lj4 1ltnded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external t5 ,4 gsl*q1pn ldt:bjmechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the eveb9eb6av/ .n(wv /ps ywa8d7km nt, the gas exchangeswva.9ykmw/be 7 nap /bvd(6 8d no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of x eu(92fyr4 93,)w9uppgqenm+bwwlfthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is c* stp errzr3:.95xlo rompressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic l9po53rr: r .xszrt *eprocess. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containc:xzi.6n x ejj;cxz*1 si1c; cjnjzx6 :x.x*ze $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas i44k oe1rbt-jr8zdbt- :ltp u.dentical in all respects except that one containsdt4 kt ut obp18.-jr zl:4er-b $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the P ph3e0vot8amsbr(t a7,o; 4nyV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there i/kf5w.p 9rsi: gi a0gis no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thet o3dkv*k hrrb9n1(slt( 4y8armodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressurmbbjq6rik /u83w ta5: e as heat is added to it. This prrkb36uj8at/ biq mw5 :ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of igcl*w5as eh( 0u;:c2icq tc8b deal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal eneb*82h e0 c(:cacu5lqctgiws; rgy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV6qnld 1xo +jm. diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no j6-rpx5th6 dgchange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofn c8p9v /,qfno thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid conta tvq 3v(*4jaeie2 we8jiner that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Te vew(e3jj a8qti*v42his process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy cz6*meixp:vs .+(:ravyaz *mare transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy 6rxvyme ia(::m+*ac pzs.vz*of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermoolmvv889 xfcxs64oq+ d2 ujwq.4-dmz k )1l hzdynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reserva:dshx. uq7o w0 ,lu x9o-5apzoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold re zladiho,t*4 /servoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clp1s)) ;6 0 uczpw0rbz7yclpj zausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one co(6-ipvwtl e 4ycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cyc6 ipvwl-et4 o(le?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engin:s wjbu /:us(ve is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engin tkvftsqs ml*+ac3l67h-) :r be is to be 100%, the heat sink must bemlh6b3+sk -*v)arf sc:qt 7tl

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ofm-yyv8z(6 sh x.)c qoi

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics..qghbcqf.qqd 56nv)ys h 4k+:
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the )a hdku6 +qbs:ratio o sku6 adbhq:+)f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is t,fh(: ofaris/k*w6rra k16fdefined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entrolma qo;f;4j*38nu-wk- dwlqwpy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law ofdy;p p9(ng m ./hsk2sb thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within anm n 2dy (;gk.sshpb/9p isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of l)ocspta 2. h*the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynan h*hb9q8.x wkmics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is re*uygl5 v-y .womoved from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal eneyl5ug-.vw * yorgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idea3b:t d4oxhd/v6 jw3pcd 7zb m8l gas. What i 4d w bp3 /:jb7dto3dxhmc68zvs the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal p5ze ip 3-lot6lc,r7o9tq kf(z rocess is -400 J. What is the change in iol tf5qpte7-3r9 okl z(,izc6 nternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Wk f0x- n,ftya vtoa:31hat is the change in internal enett1a:vk -f0a,o ny3 xfrgy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J : r4vhzx0tbkp*vb,i0 of work. What is the charvbbp0k:it0 *h z4v,xnge in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of xcv ho*6 w:pj:*0xkr7q xz8*eyfg 7jea system decreases by 50 J. What is theg 7kov*xhq7frxjjcx 0ey:p* 6 8*w:ze work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energyq(das)1i 8 bcx of a system decreases by 50 J. What is i1 d()xa8 bqcsthe heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at consta dc.mrwhd3 1y(nt volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. H1m ( cd.dwyh3row much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J os 3kb.lkzqv/2f energy is removed fromlkb/.3 2vqskz it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watlugy +xuttk37u3 /:vter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receivep*vrhv:, u3qe(xo( g .hn jp*ms 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is theh3 uj*(vp mo r.p:qve(*xnhg , efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an eaiff5d yp 9:mly9,8g kfficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each gaf9:df,m9p y k8 iy5lcycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivd1imf)v+2 3 lpdea+ ni61 hmjres 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat doe im n1+ml1vp36djr)eai h+f 2ds it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat m-199,zc9k; cbtg dvzabtrn ze- )d3k each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycce t;3bzrd9v9) tkc z9g,ba-n-m k1dzle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat x 28qem6jp3w2gq aby -each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate 8g2wje2 aqbpq 6xy3m -the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built /18elwhj s6ktm1w 3:5opskgk so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tem k68h 3jlk:pkosmw151gt / eswperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines 5*kxufd *;m9pj lq3eqbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturefe*lqxqp3; j kdu5 m9* = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the 5:m6r0v xv us(5 i th :61jrxte,p2xnwkuw:mtfollowing characteristics: combustion chamber teh6 :rx m(, 6pwnmi5 2r:v1uett wxv50:jsxktumperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW (424(v/ympy jsll fpfof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.pt;w .ycjo0b: The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pllz,o)ztbzlr s3b 88g 6ant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betwe. rgp ).cf-eqyen $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for a35cola e5l8 ab aohgdw(1 4z;z-pgv)k n engine operating betweeg )c54 o85ok1h -lvla p3gde;a( awzzbn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engph/6gk:b aqy3 m2bnl; f-*m pgine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperahl6pnfp*b/3 q- : mg bgm;2akyture of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatineawh+ghj kr31se,b t sn,x40 :g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing com6x/y )/zz elwipartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How mucelxyz/) w zi6/h work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ e86g7, ozkpvx(i:qfc and ejects o7( qpk xg,cfiv8z e:624 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of oomt* a9 f )9mj/g09tw6etqsjm peration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer an9)megm/f6 tqjma9tw9 s* jto0d expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entreg)*25evsd m4ea62rsg l-dv oopy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in e9m h:semo ho5vkix5y)5b dm1)ntropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its enjo r,fso( w1owr q n(9fd8m q/;afhz4e(j 0,cgtropy changejw1 98,j dffoqrz4(hwc;0q /(s eor,ag omfn(s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at b-t;7q9pix lu$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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