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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph ./eix 8qnfui6is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there ishp1t:ly*/m 8d yuggo, zz wt5z;g2c7g no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therbs6s z(gbmc h11x o+.umodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperature d9 dm(.eqkfy5. This pro9.dm5qeky df(cess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally frork: uezr,on 69m 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energyeu r9zkrno6, : for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an ijf/f ) w.hrk-jsothermal proces fj rwj/-k)hf.s. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. D-.oet3) i eidouring this process, 6 J of energy is expendeo-eo i ei3.dt)d by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated eqikz,:r5vtpjy68 d ) wis8 7tvnvironment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with itszpi58i:dv6 7jt)w 8rvt q, yks surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther(o go9mvv3 hqua-cfw4y9d 28smodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during ad; le j.yp *h7aqg;xaepk l20w2) -ygnn adiabatic procg xqe adg2;e* pp 7y2w0;lha)-.ylnkjess. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one con pfac*kvs) c05ru:1q wtainss c0c5q1*au pv:w f)rk $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except th e k r6d(vghi c4iir-/cx)4w0jat one contains /i46)dicg-4 je0 xr (i ckwhvr$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV 4hg3)gfzz3 er ffj rqi;h-/fo8l7 b k; b4t1wadiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no 26n,z,pbpi(g :cxi 2-gobkjg change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, 7((u;k yhda6 efn oq+f(v,sgs$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thoszn16hswl s4.: wq9 fis proch lw9 szwfosq4 1.ns6:ess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat ene. u sb6umnj*/lb+ndw-rgy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result,+m-* l/6jbsuuwd .n bn the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV d(xum a1kcneut;-hxx.ua4+*dysr 6: oiagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no a)+ dih+i9kel change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermoz.k 1s5 qjp:cfdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container tk0i2 la 4g/b ij1dqo7x-zfnmyg)wbn;p 0 ;f-zhat cannot expand as heat energy is added to it y;1/b);o0x- ad0 f4lizbqniwzn m p2gg7kf j-. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy wa9zj t4qzs+v;i7)l znz 0+zjsg7 (if are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volu7 jvq7+ +zi9lgzsis4 zt;jzfz 0wan()me. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod,sh0:.9-nqy l whu udz-o w*q(v zjkc*ynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reserv)lk3p8 l*l sgmoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transferg)8pz5 d 9llkeu -ainfv6+nf0 heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clau svdoi*v(6 4 iwh)tz.isius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mu6p/e(dm ty :lach work is done y:pt ml6/dea( by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of * jouqg*4:uh)or2c uozt 2:5u m,jdryv8 af(e

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efci4 oet*v2u:aficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must b* 4icoe: uv2tae

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistsz y r+sz/:b* ure3z,th of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynami:l8ys)s) // blu f7bqulx/qztcs.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perforqxo;0 mf ,oo m1v 9l1sxgoc+o,tv;l/ kmance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofxc0ov9 m/tvo+;1,qlo1gxm f ,s; k ool

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined tx7pyyd*rqyx lk)6 0yt. wtq*4,w9j ias the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the eqxdz+mc1 pfl484 6 qe4yd lpb5ntropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second lo *3bti2 e;mj6tlj9z kaw of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the cke*oz l6ji3; 2t9 tjbmhoices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of th 27:qifqjw0r xe second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads m7t 4,xe shk. 4w1pxxyus to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal rua+2q il.0 mzgas. What is the change i2 az+.0 riqlumn internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal)sd1 vkzcvne9u7td55 process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the vdzt nde5s9uv)k157c process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J.nipz8b56js4 v What is the change in internal en vzpsi84 b65njergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chang nih:w3fe.5n ke in inter3 nif.kwehn5 :nal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proc huhrv5/m)eit6 y 3;qzess while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internalmr ev) t6q5/iyh3 uhz; energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internamgmqsad*(sh+ey 7 d;- l energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is theags7;(ms m *d y+dhqe- work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a 8x(dsfrm;mmo 5e zt19/gxq6c)x4l hbsystem decreases by 50 J. What is the heat 49 /xtom glmm;8x1sdb)r 5( zxhqf6ecexchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at conm/l5y2 bi g3xubuhlll.. dzmi:kx282f x1 do)stant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the k/2)m 5bz d3uu1lx hfi gxl8md.:2i.xlb y2logas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at con /oh:te8j;q oxstant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many mqhx eto/;oj: 8oles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wahi5tvkfazt +.xrx 8 8;ter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat anpu6lgj5n uk+ ul:qke1: y)h3wmlo5x7:wx2 n w d loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the u:hx)w7jk e25:q:llm1uu n5pgylx+w k6n3wo efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficienccl+ wqp0,ymtam 7 z99g ;boju,y of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it;q70 apcg+ ol9,jtzub,9 wymm perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivesa fxbv69e) 8qpn(drx ; 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaudxa)9bx qe8fn( rp6;v st in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and eu2 i595,lkj sp(h2xse a; l3sobg3i sqxhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eacs5 5hp b9g(i3 lixes jua3l22skqs,o; h cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal.s77 opkgp zy4*8pk ehw3 /vm7a Calculate the ww pk3psek4 78v7hoy mpz*g /7aork done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the foo;k;ox/*2a qevl jk)qc.l. yd llowing characteristics: combustion oj2*kl..cdq /)xyvk;e qa;ol chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bu;l h6el /sbosn 7e,rqn-h0rx .ilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion cham6ql /- blrr0nhsh7osen;, x.eber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the folg.utk3mp;h 2 kpu76 vc,:zi lclowing characteristics: combustion c;v7ukgpti ,clkmu .h2:36zpc hamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW o ps.9svuqwlugb0. h6v wkv1(+f electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The 1lv,r j,t)bta plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gef8vu l bspaln,8a) :(s tfr.k*nerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which v8f ws*52txbxzsiq(q 53gpiut;b3 d,operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operaso8tfhj/k/9 v ,h/gvi: tmnz+ting betwv ts ,m//:k/ g+fhnvihoj9z8 teen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the chsn.a7 spgo ;ml;b-k2old reservoir if the temperature of the mn2s 7lbg;pha.-; sok hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bet;ightkb;9vgqvu ::t +; t9zyuween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heats*rvu:23jc4j; d edry from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How mucj ;j 2resrdy:uv3*dc4 h work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment ,zmzml 7aif 7:3yxv-nw4n,go at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a r74mly v,fanw ,x7izm3- gno:zoom per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs33 +qoa.quskt 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required i ko3uqsqa3.+t n each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy wh;xfuhqd g4a9r ol cex wl,.5(ub. :cx*en 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, 42p c*dj1uig ;1xn qo okqzw15a93xwg the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its er5-o dlcwg,/yntropy -o,ldy/ crgw5 changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ,a3n( f z 5yamk wt(sd+tmo;9e$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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