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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grawxtl1o 03: 8vhgio i1f ,8o44bieuiw yodo31oph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal procp u+h g4c:9s3qilkg.gess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of slyf nb/:2vr 9thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twicef3 6ilugqi, y+ its original volume with no change in its temperature. This proq,3i+ yiu6lg fcess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Durinf6 rw)r m3jh-fg this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this hj3-w)mfrr6 fgas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its ord yrjb3 eupc 479xe+2d/r+z1y nl5uvm iginal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of 3pe y7rz ucumrd1e jynb 9 +d2+54xv/lthe gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. *s vqz(3z ,q.ansdmj6 During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the sd6z,j znqm3vq(.*sa following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment)md . agi/g4 .bxpau+h. During the event, the gas exchanged no 4mp b).aia gd.+gxh/uheat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna*j(;xcvqp zn .fo9sw(mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volu-kts ddchu.h:4b/tme0a ag1 8me during an adiabatic process. a e 8basch. dm/du1t:h-k4t 0g The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas is/7cy a l8y3hrzx68pg f(vh9wdentical in all respects except that one contains 9rhwx z3g6l (yc 8 av8/fpysh7$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identi-kkz uz8-0 q0.r 0qrcca3 .awq 7tgfzical in all respects except that one containsqq gia70u.8- wa0cc zt0k.kq zzf r3r- $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is ah ilb9c0p hp:0be7odvs(sd . +itj6 x.sd38trn


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there -)x/cqy s3dkk7pv xg .is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thers 2zhx+ncn ;b( :fbs9jur2k9l0 rj8ei ax8y)zmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This px2 v visq:zt6j6e(i q7n6wi /oroc2 iji6 vq6vq6xo 7w(nt/s:e ziess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideamz .d7 qmlp96ml gas at constant pressure. As7l pdm m.9qm6z a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dia(wgj4ue* hlj1h ++hjtgram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, xfmb,3w:aq .fthere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn;* w aw23:prbxkt+m9sv7j ghramics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rig) o 3iwy/xnh:-m7) wehjut+cpid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thi:)pc7mhww3iy+ eounjx- )/hts process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tq mj677 av+oegransferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the intma6+j7o 7v eqgernal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thpzl2p2052vf ad5hbwg ermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat frrq8es w 9-/bz ezkp,q)om a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reser eeynirzg30*1etrhce (t-,r/voir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausiw+iu1m4n* oo;j7rc ikg 8e6kius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through thpoo fp/uda-m-il fbe; 3;- (zg2z ub+oe cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done po+-;;g2m(b ao3ul/f - pbz efzuoi-dby an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratik: h2kccg(l y)o of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effix 7 j+rc6iz6lsciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mulc j6 xs+ri76zst be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists oq.ocywx5 tom (q *q/,vf

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thu tt2kdb8-x(f (+xrfwermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator iso on0.k0nqzd8i7-k e f defined as the ratio ofi.0k -f e0knq7 z8dono

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defi9sj+n 6wh u8ulned as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entrox)o9pej / w)onufx)( tpy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynaq *kejni n;g8/ufx/d(h6 r:btmics, for any process that may occur within an isoldg/e/t:8bnixn q6(j ;*hu fk rated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamics.5d:u4h/ r 2x7bmbh b1ljwzgux u pg473
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads usnld,p +hod* w k+ix+h,trr8.l to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, d t8c4hisxh *d*gv:4x5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in i :c8vg4hd **tdh4ixs xnternal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal prozrl 0 ptb4/m-jcess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the pr rb-lp/jt m40zocess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas syst v ti/yq*yru21em in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the chang1tr v2yui yq*/e in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Who ;ur(l;*5vx.d u podxwgw- u8at is the change in internal energy of th (8r ux w oxvdd5;-wugo*p;l.ue gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabati72 v5tvmgibgc.lw8 *d c process while doing 25 J of work. What is the c*itv 85 gwlb7gmc .2vdhange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a6t) 9y2gfrb(5 v*a tltlkkaf* system decreases by 50 J. What is the work don rl** 2aklbvat( ytt65f f)gk9e?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system def +bssd-y r:nqa3;fyl7 r.cm1creases by 50 J. What is the heat excha1b.:sf;lyynf7r3+ c-sadm q r nge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant voq./jp yh6t ggp+7udj3 lume as it is cooled by 50 K. This featp dhq/3y6j.g jtugp+ 7 is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of j4v/vu ts ) v5gx)wju-4 nbs-cenergy is rembsusu4-v-jv ng)4cv x) /5tjwoved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kj (l1uzfg *5tm9ml :hog of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and lose 76b)r g1f d4pnw78 qlsoyi3 wgd3e*yxs 3000 J in each cycle. What is the ef 187by4y*s 6r33lgnepxww7f)dq ogdi ficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35cy:2 f8orv, wal4;rhz.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How r:c 2 ,h4vw;ofzl8ar ymuch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and c v-uyv 4+u+mwreceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it eu-v vw ++cuy4mxhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle an l)bhk8 upsyslog.:0i bu4l60d exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the eb0bl ku .y6s uop8h0)lig4sl:fficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 6niw9z-1dp:3 5e/3ixbqy4o f dkfkz 9k4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work k-3z59 k:4f/wk9dp yoizbq31xn ed fidone each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient eng/jf(ygaw e *8tines built so far has the following characteristics: comj tfw(8yae*g /bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followiuc35/j(h l*ywwmp.ahq,h 5 tung characteristics: combustion chamber tempw5 aj(m qhc/*y5u hh lw,t3.uperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines 4x0gc- xilv0ds9+;peix *jqcbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturexx0+c *vqd icgesl pij-x49;0 = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The p q-he0w oy/u6tlant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gen1kgsa;e9fs/0ow-p,3gkr u st erates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric po/ln ua exu w1gs mf34 v-)olp+k0m9xqz4(,rlrwer. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operat)7,moyk ;y+x :iejj rwes between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating bgienpxp /d: 1wqp4 7w3etween ep4i 7:w/qpdxgnpw1 3$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a s :*kwzid5n/li5jn2rn opy 1:Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the/i o :rpy :n55z1nl2sw* idknj hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bejmon2xj.0a14 ep3wtu ml7 k.b tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratwhzpzoeur7 p +y/gpb9t 3219ze of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work isbzoz+gwzep7u h 19p t923/ypr required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing coh3jdq)k1j.ju 2 id1z ipw,3dk mpartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. d kj,3) k.jz3w1pjdq1 iu 2hdiWhat is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat fl:577hp9hatzc akq ;m rom the frmlc5 9h7htk: a;pa7zqeezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice jh1cor2)spa( melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice frbrugz7l12 l p6w3wd -geezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermalfou)3 dkfo7 -vrwk 7b7 ; lnmi/;ev(vc expansion and its entropy cc-7ofvo/ 7 k )b;lv(k ;3uviefrmdw 7nhanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ,jpwgwp:-6 ad$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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