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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph fyxq4j +a8 l62p)6g gvboza 2ris an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chanmhj w+wk 0fpfa/gzt1w3d p-:9ge in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therm:3fuln ry. dfdvd*q 2.odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its:q6gcxtb-qx 0 original volume with no change in its temperature. Th:btcqgxx0 6 -qis process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this processj,vwhz++pid g.ji4v +f t)7ui r9y h5w, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What ighvir,y uwi 9h+.jfz+jwv5 )+t4i d7ps the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-hald3pb9rz8 s0bj+ogzq + f its original volume during an isothermal process. The final q+r 03+pz9z8sgo j dbbpressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this prok5qqt x:)(-yi 4 yrvgscess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanismy yvgi-)5txq(r:sq k4 that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the etuu;bpkulof 3 4j,gllry.(- vhlv *91vent, the gas exchanged no heat wi3ug *9u y-ljvo( .1;l4hfprv b ultlk,th its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamizlgz +75u6srvu ia +3vcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compro,boqka evpydt0 :km :y 0,95 rxn2q)1z;ici cessed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. Theno2e9vky0y o,qzi:a mdx )i5b ;tkp rq:10,cc final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that x1bx5g 9mpk;eone contains pbg9x;1m5x ek $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one.d - mqw1v4cde,g2iun containsd,2 dq ungce-iv 14wm. $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagy+ m txig)g.y*ram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there i3hkf;7stozq xy,q9ih pfp 60;s no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyckz ./ ;2arirrnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at consts ,(8 n6qz. hx bvu6qn4fvfz.iant pressure as heat is added to it. This procesuvh.(i4f,zbn86 qn sx. f6 vqzs is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat enp i37tmsrx63v zw5-xnergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pr7 3xxtr-imvw5pz63 ns essure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV iqqz r*gib b j8doi0s7098rr; diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, th rw u/h9l4j/zrere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of gs1cwp3c6y14 ii/gf f 2b0 ycobf.fs0thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannotrv4blz1m 9alvq 5s.l , expand as heat energy is added vl bq, 41a.mlv9ls5rz to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to :f si- usczs0*y(lvs .a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. :*sl( vz0s ssicf-. yu As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodyn*;vfipc 5o xy:amics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a loo6ch)1 y; qbsyq -(bcold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cole h/9/;mk)v q5axzvc sd reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thee9hgu08udc uwhvitl(8;ip* (rmodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle s :yh1pbvx6gebiy517 illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine opera56h 7xs:vy i11bygebpting on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio ofjk b brl;spp(rv 6.(0a

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be )3 i;mwftz3m0jgj/h + gaf ak4100%, the heat sink must430kwjtjfmg/f; hma ag3i) +z be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis3ax chbf.o41 mts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second ly;x d,irei w7 l+mrz7*aw of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrig7*e dgi+qsld 1erator is defined as the ratio o* q1ei+sldgd7 f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat p7g*8apk+ ue yldp, 5qkump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of t4x34:d xiw ycthe water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any procps,rfj,:tc-+ qg ge9bess that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the cho ftqe,grj -bp9c,s +:gices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of t+ba)b9rj8b xe hermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermo, ;k8li;td4scrzc mx+*s oh l5 gpph-3dynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed zx s 7zpwme7,(k,bhs*from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enerz7* es,w7kh(s bpzx ,mgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J 7gu7hzur-8imc-d j *tof heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the pt* zd-ucmig7j-8u 7 hrrocess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an c9ig:plda vf2ia k,5)p i)9pq ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in ipadi:5l2cig,9 ivfa) qp)k9pnternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is donuv6, /hyvy99vvyt *q1 5wj phig ,zjr4e in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internt qv v hyph y,6wjiv/ug5*9vjry, 149zal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of wq. 9t.kj3xdzhork. What is the x.k9. jtzhdq3 change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal w 9s p)p2pols*energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is sp)pwop2*sl 9 the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreasew/aofrc8fic0i v f,v p8 38v;vbq9pi4s by 50 J. What is the heat exchange? v q v48 ,pv8/bff09roa3fvpc;w iici8

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic ga6 jc.l:zd;q /pj1e:n npwju6o s is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 6jzl jpo unc6wj:;q/:d.pne1400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume wz +3be7hxl5md(q(xnlyk9 z) ohen 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of g(m) z (xz5elk7 +qx9lydhno3 bas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wjbu 49ub :sy7zater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receiveiyhp2sb8,gqv 9mp ye;f )d 44ds 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiency4ypysvibgq8 m d )e;9,hfdp42?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3o/lv 9b-*mfnz w;qa2srq :9ym5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much worf; osm2z/ q9lbwmn:ravq9*-yk does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycleic9 eg3wz bv7(u.a; ih. How much heat does it exhau9ib gez73hc ;iw .va(ust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of 2w9ta5 e0 kcpeheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the effici02c t9 ewa5pkeency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hec5d*isfi0 lb-at each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the worcs5i bif0d*-l k done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient enginegcgrfs a3 ,g:6s built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatu6s:,f3 ggg arcre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following0v 2gspom/;zy y07yb;spjap2q2s l a- characteristics: combustion chamber qyb l/2j7g0as; m;p 0yosy2p2p-z sva temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so;; 7almsm8 1gla.berdx7 cg2e far has the following characteristics: combustion ;x7 c8da.lmbre g ;ma1gsl27echamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usiu5 gb 7fd9d5(ep5pum+2gd wn*j t-bles $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric p +7fe ifjob.e9ower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of e9; tr7xgth 8yzlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot ef3z on/*w9r6d c)4 gbwjnkptu)ficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency p yj dna-u5 l)hdih+(4 an3bv4possible for an engine operating between v- nby5hupdid (n l3j +4aah4)$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the teh,k merrh cs5;kcb s/k6.) 0nfmperature of the cold reservoir if te) h,n .skm r;/c5b60c kshrkfhe temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating -k0fo6*f0n67t lq eahoho4tc between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removod o15t4z/ ox( y1,c8paaeb zves heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cyc ot(,51yp vdbzzo41e acx/8aole. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the frexj(7v0 qwz0idx0dk :mu r/ar +e;m :gwezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. W0(:kgd0j d zxv:7a wm+ w;/mqi0rxreu hat is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refr 4q dyceo4;e-mu 12nnvigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requie- dcu e;yn142mqn 4vored in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in enb0 a7ztavn d2 55*atcttropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice frxezcgf6 y09l1eezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an iso tfbivs )c0i55thermal expansion and its entropy changes bs5)b itv0cf i5y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at bltu l8q8qv mq dd)ax4 70st7)$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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