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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thegbsvr9:wh/ t k. sehsg3// 7 a/zz/hsijr; cp1 T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, themq7h;.c6tla cre is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofwyok:ql)hr s7g m(n6ki; v+, f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chanwr,mor (4z 1ehge in its temperature. z( w mhr1ro,e4 This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Du3r.k62;-ryzx kq9eh hi .aiicring this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by th e.kq a;c2 k ix369i.ry-hirzhe external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originnm.vknw *x2(qal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure o*qxw.2nv mk n(f the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 ,5mys qcjky2p .cqw9w )y1il -L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism thwq)y - py15cw jmqc.,ik ys2l9at expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compre+fjn8sivwg5ke e 5 m0z cz6*3fssed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process isz5* ne+vsz 3e f6i8km0jwcg5f

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyns5i.mu +q+p5r yc)nidamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-hal(-m9m 7cnn 5jadg mx)ef its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gasa(5)mx-mnjcd9 e7 nmg

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylindersuh b 9gjs)5ob) of gas identical in all respects except that one contains b)9sg hb)j5uo $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all re/*z k spi8nuz 5zu 5,3zs:gezmspects except that one contains peuzz5kn/g,usm 8zzz3i: s * 5$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagramuqm -:,2tvvk bk8o.y i is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, ther8lsg1xuf q+ i/:gn+n:eshfz7u n6 de(e is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofcqjunffh1yf (d5 m) :6h9jt 1c thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at consta jwx2 r 9z(gko)h5f.vtnt pressure as heat is added to it. This pr9gfxtzkhj)(rv5 .w o2ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are8b5 x*c9-zodjkzsr7j transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a rz7k98*d5 r-xs obz jjcesult, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ddkk7 v b));qn: n7exwis


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no cha-h:fap08 teea g(2jbm; *d intnge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of yb ps618 ukyi;* 5gczmws,3h bthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is addnym;f436ytpd2 y pk 9ked to it. Ttyyymkp d64pf9n2 k3 ;his process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at a2/jauw; or0u constant volume. As a result, ta/jwru 20o;uahe internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamikq91bm2ls6cm cs.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to tr im;4mguw7u(wansfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold resery+hotm;a-mw(// u ha0 i(zdd jvoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thergwo3b ,gp;m 81 hvomv9modynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated x(za31 skq+ .wsofeq( enk. 4uhere. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on 1zek n..(q+(uks3awq4o xs efthis cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined * uz8wahu i)9jas the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be1nguf2f)anv( 4 ,mrdo 100%, the heat sink must beg4(vn )fnouf ,2dram1

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists or, moe jy-n;i-wn th19f

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the sec 4ia,yr86j qwpond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performanca aplp9cnks g8w66i, f -0fo:ke (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofkcglpn86 oi6p-s f aw:9 k0,af

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio m3b wjce-.: hw vf)82-zdimc tof

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy ihi)y ze6ufg+ abbf5k -z2s,;of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermyxca )4r ct/0iodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices appliesi)y4ctc ax /0r?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of t c 6axe4-rqpq+hermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamic +zlteen6zb:p 84-fid s leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas.v,0mk80( kkiou2jdh h What is the c8o v,juhh 2 dkikmk00(hange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from gqj:ec1rk2vlh 1 ,g cl 3mj*8wan ideal gas. What is the work done in t mcj,:gqegvc8*rw31l2 lkhj 1he process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothe hs65r wr(i84e yho l72d9udrb )h6gyzplug: 3rmal process is -400 J. What is plzr iu(yhu:o6 d4rg9lrg)hds ew y26 b7h538 the change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change.p3x*bf jj)g t in intep* jtfg3x).b jrnal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process 0cum1p;a a2w bzii6y(while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in intern ; a(zyu26i1abicwp0m al energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sy1zks f5c;w dz8stem decreases by 50 J. What is the work dodz5;wfs1 k8c zne?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases (slp.;dkm9 az by 50 J. What is the heat m( p.;zla9ksdexchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as is1)z)p,kdx fesu/(n7 vufucs- 1x- art is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 4n1f))a px,/ex vzsuss(cu fur d7- 1k-00 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constantjm1ndy.:7da a o:wy ;5) mfuyz volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How m7n:dyaf5w)m.z;yy:a1 ujdo many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at y8t v/:t2 lq6ynzoh+l$80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receivezduv1l :*:ck ks 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is tk v*:1zlc udk:he efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rec)nvxhk7im g9s d0k2t 0eives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform dk 0tmv2n 9)kixsg0h7in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3d lwtj)hkdu9 )*4 ,f1 iuw-vxpydoe 9g+d: k*z5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much hyix14du9gl:fdwj+kw ) * , dt-eou)kd hpzv9*eat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs raeh 3b1o;r vs yp+8i;64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the v;; ya8e p1rr+oi3sbh efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycz)85ajtat8 fgmi v( )cle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done)8(g 5a) f8timcvtza j each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charac600jt*p n.e 7ot fjacsteristics: combustion chamb7pt0fes *ncjt6oa j.0er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follow ;z2d(fagr5 0brc.g4hrc yh, /c2 gqwging characteristics: combustion chamber tempz2b4 fc/ r0,h2 cg rgdry.ga;(5wqg cherature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followinge c o:szkk453xs6/v jp characteristics: combustion chamberpk o56szjs kv/:4e3cx temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric j-qjn)c)j( xjx) t*ffpower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant geneca/mjx9w sc, r j7.r.nd:ns1l/g)u ekrates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The gk/xafoim6rke,h5 e 0we+ ;g 5 nic0*kplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whichaa 5q:nlk q-gi d12dw* operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatitq/+(.+q)t4eqmn k r7fqsk p e1 ksb0yng betweq)kkqqm ye+ 017kr .(nfp/tt+bq ss4een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine s fmddkk-0ao, r9q/4ois 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the kr 9/04kddfsao ,m-qohot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operat;tz irgr4+f 1mfy4jx/ ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at t5; h*w6zdjlx5zw8gps5 rd vc-he rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a rhwdrl p 5zvdwjc8;65- z*xs5 goom per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate bq -kng2jn4i1 :jn0y. ct*js nof 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the cb1i nq 0nngjnj2- :jkt*4 ycs.oefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of ope+nxr8nnmjj7-jp f9u , ration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the frmnfj9+nrj -8xj 7,p uneezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in0zb0pchts 1 o, entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the 89 q oc,6beq rvz(wnp00a z0vychange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an : l1mzttaf+zagietf:5n-h( +isothermal expansion and its entropyez:a 1( gal5h:t+ ntf+ mzi-tf changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 5fe5i3ou/fx w$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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