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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is nhiv gu33oesq72 3b 9:fb*0krrx uks* an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there4ur.jfd2mg0 i is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynwt3n g30v4 3s ylmahlmi6 9,omamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volutah.aag-1;qp gk 97hc 9xpg1vme with no change in its temperature. Thicatq19g-pph 1h v7kga xga;9 .s process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Durin4u ,-gj o e,lks6alv*lk (z8ujg this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by lell 6as8ko,4 (j g*zv-j ,uukthe external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an sr7e,6uz sfy9isothermal process. The final presu 9,srfyz6e7 ssure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L,9e9xsliujrm:3p.g f l8y,x w to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the followi:y ix,m p.,gf lxr9je93 slwu8ng statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated 46g ue tt, w4the*z:gienvironment. During the event, the gagt,g*w zte6eh4i:t4us exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tfi3aw0c+(om yhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compress5.y* pc)j3ukiz -s djged to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. Thpj3u ds-gizy ).5j c*ke final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical inuwds:a g 7hm.+ all respects except that one contains saug+ d .w7:mh$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idjv .b a 9 xxj)9-xiy5n.vp:.4ndtonzeentical in all respects except that one contains)x59:jxd 9.iboe.znta x.vpnn y-j 4v $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is an si1fd6qu+,5ju u*t urmn0ho 9


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chang bkfr;( l0w4goe in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamnn*g* tnr.vwt8 cl0a. ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to idw 24 ;v:j9y kgc1(z9 sphhvmvt. This process i4vkwdph9ys 9v 2(;1m ghcz j:vs

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal;n4gj7 *7gd uuglf yy2 gas at constant pressure. As a resultg7yyundg247; g*f u lj, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thej7x 6d8v -qbgc PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, ther-vk/u*8ve zkf67z a +) egc;chtbw*lpe is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic:+ +hibclo0 /s*mx,4t 6 2foacteyc01kbznqts, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy isdp015fz oyu0y added to it. zd105y uf0p oy This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfer,mit t,w4qt ho0 ;pvmmb4g.) ured to a sample of ideal gas at constant vol,4p,mom tut 0 t4qmh;)gvb. wiume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law ofmvn 4 i+ddx+b5usw2q0addy 5f 7;,b xz thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer hec44ke1erur k8 at from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heakpl d -1jb 5srtd)ua-)t from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of ther ,bn5 cgm9hp y6yf0u1nmodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Duririp urh48a;gz ue51ywcbs 0),ng one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating 1 i u ugs0hb;rr ,wye5z)48pcaon this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is db8p o.6jn0)m6 yeldcom6 tj n5efined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical euhou8 ih6.xi 9fficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musu.ih9 i6x o8hut be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consi a/le2y9-2j.oa sgqr fau cd*7sts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of thx otr+/bfny*7ts2h v,e second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is d4nnoa:uu( s 8 (dx3wexxqit5/ efined as the ratio ofio/ 435(8 (xt ds:xeauxwnuq n

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is d f y(.i;rc xy zma+6(t3em3gdcefined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wackd*,w hs)m+ag 6z+;axnw0f3s8 4kmk i he,bkter

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law l)n(ra;c iqo2 of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolatl oir )2;qac(ned system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement o sh/2,z mm rki4ddv8p0f the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamiqp 1.bxh/ )vcacs leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hwie8x,f l1 ab(eat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in intera8e,(lbi fw 1xnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process,pi e:mhh6r+b2rsgd-( 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the procesmgp6rh:b2(+r d-i ehs s?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal pr6xqsm.rmm l8b;q s8z8ocess is -400 J. What is the change in internal e;qmz8q68.sm 8 msrb xlnergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the c61ph t-d4d oqxhange in internal4tdxohp d6 q1- energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabaticvi e)epk v) *2ke8e*lm process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energy 2e*k*vvilpkee8)e ) m?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreasegaihjy x2 sku r49,1t5s by 50 J. Whak y ag12,9ujs4ir5xt ht is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sy 5nhx-;yd7ysf stem decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchaf7y5 x-d;nhys nge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constangy9u 5 qofqm4:q hx7(ttk )/lm-nke,dt volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is a 5)4y mo(kt flq9-xqkn e7,tmqhg:d u/ccomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of;4tae1e u(nzuo i7i1m energy is removed from it. How many moles ot7eoum(e 11uzi ;4 naif gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of z(mbn-pbsgk j ;wa 6fw8 ;xd.33.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 6ucrnuh-yy1q x-,v2n 3000 J in each cycle. What is th un6,nyhxrq- 2vy-u1ce efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% m8x3 z tyj+g:5sr vn8 kv5m+zwand receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perfo+mg m535yjrw nv:z8z+s vtx8krm in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat p .-kn1s t90,yjra- ra7c(o)soom i fnmer cycle. Ho.t,cai-- (koor1 sj 7no9mfrym)s 0a nw much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 6x* urm zqoz8* tv10czn of+r-4ol)9a g4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of uo0 ) rnq8g1z z-xlmzvotc+*oa*f49reach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcul x b+1ze+pvln44jle3 vate eej1+zx4+vp llvnb34the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charact ug-z x8+pc*vqeristics:+zvqu8 * gp-cx combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so f ygh3do+,b67u7 kaxw yar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber ,7ywkyx7do g+ha 36butemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followiq omdeb l)ewj5.m/++ p5sal;png characteristics: jl5+qab.ee;m)plmdp+w/5so combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW 5j2fgi-4ol 1ns vlsx cyu4zp6o7 l 1,kof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses tc ow+2ruj8wf+m 9c ns 0i;gf-$4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW up50p;j7ns-m 5 eo(ygkitj3z t0e2 rzof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operat, fnte* au7bt9es between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoroj hv;8wym-0 jetical efficiency possible for an engine operating between 0mjyoj h8;w v-$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0d k1ta.)9k av5b9vtss%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temp.1 tad9kvakb5 t)v 9sserature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwev0ux5bvhi/ cp*k7f*l en $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes hepvkbd 9x30 8dn6taqdy *8/.y m2 khrepat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 b p/medh*3d rq2xp8.yd08 k9kvyna6 t kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 f07 c )bdimfbd- s+p1tkJ and ejects 24 kJ im01dtsc+7d fpfbb) i-nto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigednq m8qr 8+up,3e* h(wjk.qx wrator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requin( 3e8,q*x wqj.mr8hqdpu+wkred in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of dsmy7 6cpvl:yzp56:h ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, theu 46(f j9jn2yx c;rhjdjq55sp change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isog3gyh(6 ji0g u lao0f/thermal expansion and its entropy changej60 a gulf3(0 gohyi/gs by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at y*rrj7jr 6n: d:2rkt iwdv6 *r$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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