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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph (oe9q ca3 f/numvx. q)7 9vwppis an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no cmacn s)5,0h c ,n:;bn;bh1gv fjp:ewghange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicjh4gb) af n-7is, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volumekug0ijpjzf9ww 8yv;i1ma.* *rwh 18 b with no change in its temperature. ;v91*zpy*rawwhjm . bii 81 jf08gwukThis process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30i9 xnf .ia4j;8l8o jiz6tpni3jl h d** L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What zija 9h6dii *fi84j; pl n83xnjl*to.is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-halb3-u zuldox)uhn36+q f its original volume during an isothermal process. The fiu6un bhzou ql)dx+3-3 nal pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this prfd lp 9x6;*s7ggl 5gmme;9ej rocess, 6 J of energy is expend xd6egm5l r9jg7mp s;e9 l;gf*ed by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed t v6+/cc-o*wte q7ute.pel)vin an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its svt)u/cect -e p.low*76 eq +tvurroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsmjue wr/im1*7, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-hal.xeif2, 8zjaqf its original volume during an adiabatic process. 2eqjaxi. z,f 8 The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas id8 /q t5cdwoem r0f:-kd+iy9 tc5aoi)aentical in all respects except that one contains +c8ai -t5qm/t ikd:of 09odaw 5ceyr) $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respect.7vnc 4otd bh8s except that one contains hbt 4n87o vdc.$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is mrfp l81jk f(2an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there wh7h y*fh 5zi9is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therg5wvudr q 3;z9y 8d,svmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat isfq 8.2lz;aa uz added to it. This process is.a8qz2a;f lz u

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at conhf*ob1 ,vqf) 51 ogpxzd.snm3stant pressure. As a res doz ,m)g31 vs1xhfp.5 nfq*boult, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram i;rp4yw- opv 7*lw 3sjjqt- ;mis


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chan 9)z6k:yw g nysyw/zx7.fsri) (kyfh9 ge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyney 4ec:om*1ayamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannotiy h-rrys83 ne. .0 eudf)qos4 expand as heat energy is added to it. This procsos.-fn8)i0 re43y q.redhy uess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at c tz9 drth9-- szjvl5x)3cec0yfv 7/lq onstant volume. As a resu5cf xttr-y97/qjzz l9hv se)d 3v0c-llt, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamic wp95 l*a-5pi opth5rxs.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot 1xaryx2k8 s e2vtq2li4c6 ,zd reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from,pw5e 2pwv ueh+ ss)6)rfb :gb a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodyna+h mfj cbuy z x.mf;ch1(*7iy*mics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cyclee c/q3o wxw85h illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an ew/qh3w58xce o ngine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat enf zjd inav-: cy*enh vd4ckv+g v848856yeh (tgine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sw8lh/zuhsa6z 58vf c:ink must b8whz 586suh:f/lzc va e

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consi/4e,f:cw6 kkgie+amiq b(m5. m wrt9hsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secoce h:c*jr(hi2q )/ve.p cj5db nd law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) oe +h:tts: fnvyw +xq uc)v32(vf a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o2+n3h:u+cvtfqxv()ts:vw e y f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) ofjas h1-9vp5p ns(c2oopbw(g 5 a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of 51dhkafi na4 qp r,v()the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process th *9rw7v( p wopr.a6ync2i7lhbat may occur within al 7 rpic6.*h 2(rwb7v9 ponwyan isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law ob kch*;qj mfon 07)f5ff thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude tha1cvpl(y:ml*c *l,dp dt

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gttpimg)xr 5jz9kt:.;x9vk j 5 as. What is tpk : j ttk9jgtm;x5.ixz9r5) vhe change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fro/ayv4me3 cu -om an ideal gas. What is the work done in the proyu4o3vca/-me cess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas83+eoer)y8+xq y0 j xbxufl :sbmg26l system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in int soey8jxm:fqe0+ xu xb)r8 + b3g2l6ylernal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the cha0 yb7 5wu:blflnge in internal energy of the ga750 bf: ulbwlys?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 by4xi+ 3uq;njJ of work. What is the change in internal enb;43nu+j iyxq ergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreas*sayg w; l-y -.lc j)1zlwa)roes by 50 J. What z 1l-y;ywlag) *lo.r-w cs)aj is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy df 0fxfg.h )6uof a system decreases by 50 J. What is the hf.xd6f )h0gfueat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is2rnwj 2ovx; l,h0cbc: cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of o l j0xn;w,r2bc2:vhcenergy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J *x+wuyl +qn d8b1jn ;eof energy is removed from it. How n1u x +ybdq8njlw;+e*many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water xpa6gdlb :x.vpkm/;y/4pe;v at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What ink / qv6z/7 ziemhv-.hs the eff m6zzen/ /vh7.qv-ikhiciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efvpq: )f f;f mq4moaxr1 i9(q;oficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycv )m pff9(mo4;1qfx ;rq:qo iale?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an effitit7*vh o4t y8ciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exht4 hvt7 *tyio8aust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycwzz0a:; x++,zfxpxy w./g) q:unam ymle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency o:m;gxy /,+qx.wa) xz0np fm+wu zazy:f each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorb jprn 2-9o/k+ls gnj9qs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycl9kgnp qj+r/ -sj9 n2loe.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charahk h)m5vd ln de ir62458clvy7cteristics: combusldlrk64hc5vymn8 h)d ve7 52 ition chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient z2w) - jr/vgb6ziosf (engines built so far has the following characteristics:i-/o f(v6bwgj 2sr z)z combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines buid tphl. *ecddf i,33pq/3sv-xlt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = 3ptdhv.,x d3ld ipf c-q3e* /s$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gen*ng/ x */tltnf5u sy/berates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of eledzt/ 7p prm9z al-vswz0;q/9s ctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant use *+iv z:okaljzu:lzdl l5/u 0( 7ihqx;s $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency o/yow ys1zj31*ar7 utpf an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum them.8nizc /8bn(9og:x iiq kp-f oretical efficiency possible for an engine operating between 8/mgki8.zn nxipi9c- :bfo(q $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engin,wfi/2(ynd g ql7ybs4 e is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot rysg7q yn4ld,2w/i(f b eservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating be 9-sxctr nc d) fn(d/*6qir2xstween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezin:p4- dmkepk9d+vc8un g compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How mucpd+ 4 :-mndek cuvkp98h work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at t n 1w:p8wv+nzx5nkm)4-v i sdfsg,dm3 he rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the co+m14d8w ,3-ns:gxpnwik5vs mdzn)fv efficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the f+wtam) fjeot7(uh4 z6 b:f,f kreezer and expels 356 J of tt)zfb6w +h:4k 7,fo(jaumfe heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy wes 5st hu0 9n0hrl7d+qhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy )f5;a;ej1 jhqh4wfis is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropc k9qov r /*i07m)y 8-dtuucdgyrc iu yg90od m/udqt-)8v7*k c changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at +l2f5c 5 dlxy/ l*qvhc 5sfu4b$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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