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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T6( b69augs1zyehwxlm nww)h n4z/v03 -V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, the(qn.7 zypvg:rjx2 (cm re is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tbi0)r*tis zp )hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tem; wt/ oghoe(v(e2o)wpperature. This process 2opowe) /vw;h((e otg is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fr (4dx ah*sc,vkom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal ener h x*sc(dva,k4gy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half itsvdz6u; pa7fvv (bav0 : original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressur0uv6z fdbvap v(va;7:e of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 0i(zd (0(eq w(colibd 30 L. During this process, 6 J of enceiq0 di((wdz0 (l b(oergy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compress1nj vr c;h.tm7 4+izjxb6,6)zkenl qfed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. T, i.klx7et nz;hq mf+n4zrv6jjc) 16bhis process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynaly1:k u2 gna,q0l.trax8 7lt6ox2p lymics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volummvgxxd 3w6l3 +e during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of tv3xw+dlm 6 3gxhe gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ex /i(lqf:zr :.ii ;sr egtb,zx1cept that one contains gx:t/,q(ii;z b :1r fzesr .li$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except thlzq 31boon5fuf 2 m/9qat one contains qflz3o /nf 15qo92mub $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Pnwu jc 8tl,ss-/v:)g jV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is y1heoie p378k tyr4 ,kno change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therepwc, *: a;h gjpcjj;(,vc fw0)6yzaii h 61mwmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heatae/u80zi 2q+xr )b mad is added to it. This pr0de2a+ba r ) m8/izuxqocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tr4p *pc57 dyn gntbh2vj)w,i4 iansferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, tp)2 7ndwgcj5 ,*ny piht4 biv4he internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram *9p.05pbtmk g aepy0ais


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chax; q8zg jyek66nge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody(xs(pa n);t5c:s pgze namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that c et: nt4fw*i)mannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This procew:m n fei)4*ttss is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas a*hv3 fjb xepe *11a4dut constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of tv*x43bjf pea1d1* hu ehe gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermox7t4w x w86cti9wzw0 gdynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trans6-w r0nnjvx6fh eg yj526bbw4;ye )sufer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a co4kgu99x+ex t2smyzmi6c.a ok w,pw(-ld reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordingk1xr4 ih32d- +z ,hvkml5ttphck5tt ( to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycla hy9l uc,*uonkifg6 y3)2w(ze illustrated here. During one cycle, how much wo (n3,* 2)a uloz h6gykw9yfuicrk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratjkfd uy)wua n; aa/w2tq v)9r1o-(8ecio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of 45xrh6r ioqt 6/b /8hsu 9cceea Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musto98uc5/he t6r/xbrc4qhs6 ei be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consi05z7 agy ey2 sos3w+jfsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamil3r4 i9olls./kscv6e g.5 9xrn2h ergcs.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perfoax2 4k5pfg ma,rmance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of p2k,mgfx a54a

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of p2wafb j.fn+4pfe-e8t2zolhh k7d 6 m0erformance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of thxx13gv6 h qugn 77.my lrbd7z/e water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, fe6bt ( j:rsnl+or any process that may occur within an isolated system, :l tb+enr( j6swhich one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second laitkz(c/+s fnw2ar1 x 6w of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conh(f u5;mld9)f0 x (u) yfavc4;*ltqnesrif ,k clude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ixhr s i(66 zwvr8+ok1ddeal gas. What is the change in internzv(od ir h6 x8w1k+6rsal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal procelu(eu 3xm 8k3wss, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in thx3kl (83w meuue process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process isvpz csv0n(y -;lrjn e+,ylqc z 3jm--+ -400 J. What is the change i 0pez+(-3- ljz+l nrs;,ynvcvcjm-q yn internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the changeh(4 x7rbkvg0 .:0pw1k gu c,fe7xs sek in internal energyuwxfbr, s7(kp.e 40gscvk: gk0 h7xe1 of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whjxitqt*4u w;(w(a (g lile doing 25 J of work. What is the c(;*ttu (qx(gwlajwi4 hange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of :t w./ueslz,b a system decreases by 50 J. What ilztu. be,sw:/ s the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the int2hxt p gzj*jdp5/s8x5ss)p8ug 4t+jo ernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the hea8pto5gxp )+4sjsjp8 tj25 d/gx hz* sut exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it i/*sf+can/)qso 5hi lks coohslo f+qnc*k i /s/)5aled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K+bw.t)g 5tucr: bwis5 vme8+l at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removesw+5b)cit .tv+b8m we5rugl:d from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg ofo+ *dv -bhj vbo3vu8e* water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 ;azh6st9y b fae 3+gm.y+pp j6J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficien6ap9f3ha g+ zj y+t.;6pmyb secy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3 xy kt/,hio8,4ko uf+i5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much t 8y/h, i+kofk4ioxu, work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cyy 9b f5igfj8n4fvt7w9xj)e h) cle. bj)9h7j89fif gnfwt4e y 5x)vHow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcus,n -w7s1ntge late t7w nn,ssg-1te he efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal6ulanm h;x cl/,z 3p/p of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work doxh lzuapln/,cp /m 63;ne each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient enxns:4la x (zt:0fvb: b(;qk x)yixwvprnr 6/)gines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamberxkv/tz p:n4w yr xxs: nl:r6bq fxbv))0i(; (a temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterd 6g)b+xt4kqv23wr b xistics: combustion chamber t3gxvw6k 2tqr4 )x b+bdemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterisadc ).ln,2lv9 7g brbhtics: cocalh,9 r.gvld)2 bnb7mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elecgjz+l/v t7t qvrb5 6:2wp xt1ztric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600qmng+ h1/tf*r MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plakkb1b8n 5 m:exnt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betwe vtwqx5( x,5cden $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine oh4m.hmw xeugl c u27b b:3+h6pperating betwwmcmhhx32u:7bg6u+l .b4epheen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%.//la8 ppbe3 tr What is the temperature of the cold reservoir ifb t a/lr/8e3pp the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwe;qj60aif0 / 2rkxv owo/,k ycken $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at th3ry a+*ebtb (6jixl xnka :d0,e rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in eacbk jyxx l+t(6d3a0a ib*, ne:rh cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartm7u(ky hvry9x ckq;s(j x7l)s:0 xgmc; ent at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJxj s:)hx(uyl 97 0gycckr;;kx(sq vm7 into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, mbg)l w g4:h0lw d(u3qa refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expelgu gwqdh(l)wm b:430ls 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change ion6t .wg3. aivn entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezesr6ddpd4emf (0, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expn;f--cmoim ..q8zuy yansion and its entropy chan-ozm 8nyi.cf-;yq m.u ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at wdhhbx it2) ,ux,q7 ;o6czk*f$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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