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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V +okoanv7+db/ip01dd graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is ynzf3j*1as z ;no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tswpzqvw60 7u y12d:y6(xrh zl44 hjpihermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice ip.q i/la3ku 3qt9:uxqts original volume with no change in its temperature. This proce3: .l iqqktup9a/q3 uxss is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 2n l8+ x1fcq6yb0 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the exterfbyq+cnl6 18 xnal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its-b6pr3xx ,3e)w zdew v original volume during an isothermal process. Txx33wzrb pw-,6e ev)dhe final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expan i9c at 2gz--jq21mmwnded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements i ac9wmi zj-n2tqm1 -2gs correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressedl 7b36rn.cede in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exc3.d 67n lrcbeehanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamiu am7d,riwd*+cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume j5 pe4ue0t(8i-xb 8fq)e bbmaduring an adiaba5(0t8b e-mbia) x4ep uefqbj8tic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gase(k ;qczoz 7p1 identical in all respects except that one containscz1 ezp7( okq; $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders ocuyp y *9-bo3 ufyur)y9;sz o5f gas identical in all respects except that one contains*o u9 5-rsufyy9 b)3cyop;z uy $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Pls0hoz hk:9 ;gV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric proces,n3) j7c xxzqirv5kci/ 5gn8ss, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therz3q mziy4d8 0fwy*w;wmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heab.od5v; 9yd (yh qnux2t is added to it. This proces q(uyby o.v5h2 xddn;9s is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy ar+ad vgn 2+x8oae transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy od+xaagv+ 2n8 of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thxvfzeprr/l+4vmm-.x4a( ov/ l57pee e PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there ghrz-./tbxiq el,6*bz, n3nh is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o9t.acod 6sf7df thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid contgi -z2:jvp we eq1e3ns/.dc7uupq .v 5ainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pdc1.pijuvqg7:.5 wpev qs/u n3zee- 2rocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at co od/ 0u,f)(hj4 yvrgnz/7z hronstant vrr4f , /7 (oj /hhy0)nzvogudzolume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermody5 qr1/bna o7vwnamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir t4ojseqz:rw7l1c jini5.h 9s *o a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from un uwi/6kb:q 9a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clau39d w1ad ubj7jsius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. D/xx iev9l bxn9581ei yuring one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating 9 8x1n/e 95lxiybxvie on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined acxhsft5b,4;+9 0t jbshmx4l gs the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of n weq/nsq22)k ja+h 2dphd- :sa Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must be+ nhnq2/wsjh )ps:dk e2q2a -d

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists 2 v9;7wwrdjzq 6n9q eahem6r2fq6s ld95zbe* of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck ,ry scuw 1g. vt.m j25+z ,47ylprgwjjstatement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of yl*( vi4 bkws2a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o k*i24vlsbyw( f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio ovx tmpr;9 zl78ugo(3 z*rr,e pf

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy etb67970kkbq qm n is,of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occu( dsao b4f jt4q1-6urpr within an isolated sq6(1ja4pr ubto ds4f- ystem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the secog5 cnz7wq;3(vm*in fwxp92s xe (soe3nd law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads gh ej773dbwu9 us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal ;.adcg/k /1 6qwig/y1obevq n process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enerqn1k1dega6c/ yg /wov /; .iqbgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J rfh0wy(yz7t3p;w epv 7:ay- x of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work donah7;f(y3wr0ppxz-te : vyw 7ye in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. pr8ejv fm/nsv4am1cn0z)c8 5 What is the change in internzemjvs cp8c5m1nn )8 a4/0v rfal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chang3nf e ;o cpjvc)u (0bmz5 z6izs.u(o.te in internal energy fut.(ozsco3n )jpiem6c0.zz v5(bu; of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabngbu5ln* c)8n1 8zlscatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energybc5)1sn8n *gcl l un8z?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy onpvbv1. k-:-ofw3kho s; eeo, f a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work3ooph, ke - e1f :nkb.vow-v;s done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. mly /7 v+ hpayky(9*ij What is thmvipl+ka9y*(yy7jh / e heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas3edp 3-rqtn s-dd9i;6pd 9 lj0xxtm+b is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished pd3s90dqj3tmxi 6r-xt p eln+db-d;9by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of ener0j)/c;ez0+)sq fsyg e5 n.uuvz g4phfgy is removed from it.huus / fp c.gqv s5+004eyz e)zgnf;j) How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3jf ,vgx9t/ tsp) h0o)a.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cyclk i+zpdu ga-/lw7n2f;e. What is the efficiefnk -zg;/ w7 aui+l2pdncy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rerzk- - a7y 2r)ub*uqarceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How mz-r ub q7)ur2rka-a*yuch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%o/0ne/1blu5p me7ju i and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat douno 7/e i0jbmu1p/el5es it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 649g. (folj;h9ik o sns-jt41pc kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficienc9l(c1nks j j- 94thgop;. ifosy of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcaw -lb2,ubp;hpv:8 z bsl of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wv upw-lb,s ;8 hpbb2:zork done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bujqr/lqh6nv 1r pd)m0 bov ,06tilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion c6,0boqt16l nmdh q0)rv vrpj/hamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far j8av,utkpa.7 *as ku+has the following characteristics: combustion chamber takuj 7s v8+uakt pa,*.emperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fo 2nu (x b v6idmf g65ip;9hmcl3-5/nkfbcmd 8wllowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperatu dn6 u-ibf9 vibmpw 2/c;kx5m6fc(8hg 35dmnlre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Theao /ko6d8;:v rp um3zk plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW 8k(5h5d*k: uu f j,d4hxwd yzaof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power./b tn;ctjz(m t(w o 2gfom0d2h;6u:fd The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot effictk0c5xzljq,pjp )bg:b1 *2 cfn9qw0 ciency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible izbb.h ,0/k yrfor an engine operating between yk.0 h rzbi,b/$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engin: k 3y qthho9ascc e* 5l9qlzg+4hv/x,e is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatsh ly *txckh9hcva:l+ g9 ,45ez/3qqoure of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwe7rdir53 cb 5fven $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate obsti/(+17 m1kqk6ozbxkc zu 7f 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per ct 7bkmi( ozxcqu7s/k1k+6z1bycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the 31 granf+rd/t rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. W /td1+rf3n agrhat is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation(c ;10hf b/rcfpqxd;b, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required (qcf xcb;pb hfrd/;01 in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of icejh 7c4xjh1t(py :m-c;lol)/ v a-0 +bdhe ahfi melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entr zfhkmlh oe7*pqvg/5- eth2a+(k3 fb3bru08 q opy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at Stuspuyp:s1r f2gbyr /x4-4p ;TP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy ch-guurb;p y f:t42xss1/pyp r4anges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at dlaztzf 9 ,*n7$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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