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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T,2nfudmd: jva )w6+xzb aex. :-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thea( eumsf/l5(a q v j+5u /r7i0f6uqf.whwjc) are is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tdrl5la b:x9x9 c6 i,b nv;v-nghermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volu(.(k 3 lj2xg*dg)it4xdf tvfp;z mvg4 me with no change in its temperature. This process isxtz*3d4 kf4j2 (lt()v vfdxig.;gpmg

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During s rqunm, ore*wy(t61p ,qb()ztd7uq.this process, 6.0 J of energy is expee.r s1 y*b7q 6w(z,nd r(tq q,um)putonded by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durim-i - ln;rnp,z18hskeng an isothermal process. The finz;s - irn1-mkel,nhp8al pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expandedqj7hx dqgr:l4 h/ 3sz/ isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is cordj4l x//hsq:gz73 hq rrect?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated enkg i0j/4 3qy- qobozs/vironment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process isz /3s0q/-oikb o4gjqy

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodye9xr st(vzk.jc 62rww g-x,gt( dg43snamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orzbr7tlj 6 7zl(iginal volume during an adl( 7z6bztr lj7iabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all rk8cxpsk(u mx n:(f:h 1.) jtciu4ran-espects except that one contains xch.m1r(s ij):f (knup-ut84a:k nxc $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gasnadxa5 o * tc(qclmr- *4x+9s5u8+b7 lhafec q identical in all respects except that one contains5 q*cbln5 -o4amrud+a789(cf+seax*t h lxcq $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV d 6at6vzs 0uda8iagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no4f6i7pyka +dy change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th 1k(8k8r b.xefv tb1cl ;2rcumo ;yz8zermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at cu d) h0f54uhjhonstant pressure as heat is added to it. This procuhj45d 0hfhu)ess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idealhr7g o4wtmf+: gas at constant pressure. As a m:7+gw 4rt fhoresult, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Ps q*ddios5de)c)x1-f V diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is.a )f8w gjgib9 no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics ud798-kh0 uc6gqjr2nx ogg nzr55;na, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container thauk4p/gmd 0my*/.i mrmt cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process is m/k g py*rm04m.i/udm

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy ary3t8+lywsv5k ,:n 4ntm yat5xe transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a resultn+wylntm85ts t vk,xya5 y: 43, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law n4l51yidxeevmf9 (f6of thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat y5odw2 -ld .6hwvp n:/vo+bza from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservo1xhsxj:q) ;gixx (0 cnir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausiu 7tpa*x fincs-wj8 8p:s.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mupbx+z.u ,.ffvcl/d j: ch work is done by an engine operating on : ud+ ..,cl /zbfjfpvxthis cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat-allv 79 rv-+,n:jql li)xwas engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat si7ao; ;hu 53 csyip-sdcnk mu7d-cpa3s iyos u 5ch;;st be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ofb ux /l1mn:1kk

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secondul+s :lyz98lig ol+ 1p law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is deg57 *c ,dqhti4m.4 pgiqbuc;ffined as the ratio of;c , .ig mipt74fh *qu4bgcq5d

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of pepg816 ;um .yassxr(cs rformance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of th+l/lg p5m* *y uhu0bxze water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process2 cb250, qx d.*e xbb0x5druw;b nvrqh that may occur within an isolated system, which onnrv0 cqbxx5 *x.22wdhb5 rbebd0; u,qe of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law og ,lsatl.oa :7f thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics le5ft+fi/ q(cr mmz*ik +ads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hg 0k7p*u+j f0m(lfamn eat is removed from an ideal gas. What is mum0fk fal( p7 *ng+j0the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat iu1e8 wmhc h-pv07j*grq3yhi -s removed from an ideal gas. What is the w8v*i3h mq heju y0-7 r1-pghcwork done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isother +gvf4:h-lqi 0h*scy-acv +ctmal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal +c qs4: v- c 0*fh-ag+ticvyhlenergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is tks*kunp6 0. ;8zxcnlohe change in internal energy of the gnul*o;xpc .8zs06knkas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatixou ,mf;30bwzg 4p 9vlc process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in interna l04;vx3fobzu9 , gmpwl energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases b*5cn gjv*0 hluy 50 J. What isj50u nl*ghc *v the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the intxqe)ehl2.6 z2o 26 aqt5 klzdyernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What i o6lzt2lxqe) z2dhq2ak6 5 y.es the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is co*wha-,bnq44mm g* 8h qscas5euf8un+ oled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J ,hs4-e5 h 4nwam8n+uafm8c* bqgq*suof energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energ (+ -gthwfg 70mcpkn(g1tkzm-w s yo:5y is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the samplef5n7y 1mtw+ cg(k 0tgh(:wzmpo-- gks?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of4z(n )w8lau cm rz)5gz water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whatz:pnjp*7ic eii q22p823 rozz is the efficie3p2q: zzirijnop8 7 pz2i*2c ency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.c kr(1mz6cgbq2ei o220% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in r(k126o2g2 ciezc b mqeach cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat peruv :mt7 .a4zljw70nzg cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in e 7 zalmw .7:nuzjgt4v0ach cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hea se6 hs-*li,/pq/k;j.djo ab9isd0un t each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eobjs9 ssi 0ep;d,h.nuq- /i6ja *lkd/ ach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and m-k 8 m2j9;pbm 8hhosaexhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done e9 m 2k;8mms-ph8obja hach cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the foswa.:(3j si tez5q -pkllowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperatur-js k(qzp:s ew.35tia e = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far haw se17 hb:kt-ks the following characteristics: combustion chamber-s1e7 khtwb k: temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines y.8f:eja-p j jbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempefpjea8 :.j -yjrature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plawzdb.oxjw e2 37 lk:s6nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWnpe7cyumj,--*8jj jn of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.q+oy* +h.j c3msxn6 jj,tns hv;+ jj7k The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates beh sr*((ki *mt8jwq ir*tween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical si;vp)(6 k:m:r(f /lu qx fak gbg.ge2twip0* efficiency possible for an engine operating between(guri2k0gve x :f ftspgwi/6pk *)qa :b(l;m. $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carno) 3d- :t:3sjaowv/5d o q- 6cxfjcqkppt engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temdjc/6j qqtvcopp-d s - o:axwk)33 :f5perature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operat83x3ss6 c ycmsxzt3o (ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removzr/c3dj gxq0:wik:ya)c (3tses heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work i kgcs3x0w ay t3/jq)dri:z:(cs required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heaetglad:d ;: .hqen4cbt qo 9xn n2e:*.t from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 t *n;l4nqthd. gq:ex.9n:a :b oe2cedkJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operatijtci g,s46m3xqai;dn- )d z .ton, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required )aj;.6qd- 4i mt,igc3dn xsz tin each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entrop*(hzc;n3.setit+i4 1rqtour :etkp ) y when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy i/ j dxvuc ;gy4bg3me3*s

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansiovjfq4+-iv 4:f3 f h bdva6q,qgj2 ut(dn and its entrop:bqq6 dv42-t+3 fu(f4vv ja,hj gqdfiy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at f+cx: 6j5q ab h57nger$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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