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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the fxf0;+hzk .j5px4f tde9sp5d T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there uv2-f gce)xeub +ji8:;nvjv (,5j oaw is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther3a8 z 5orm3pohmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume7/j 20+snf fyx fr1ahz with no change in its temperature. This processzafyf0s 7/nr+2 xj1fh is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L cwz3kqqx6ekl / :x27 7anp zelabl3 4-to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compres-xa l3:zkqap4k3 7eb72 xlwzl/qe6n csed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its om iaewc102 zt0+ps9l original volume during an isothermal process. The fo i90+p2zmcw 1s0al teinal pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermava2(br2-hkk clly from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is cor 2 bkh(2rvkc-arect?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environmey +afuwv td4(gq a( cr/k;c/0qnt. During the event, the gas exchanged no he+(cqc ydu ;/tf4qvwaag k /r0(at with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamisizzx s3l(+yc namdz*2;3skm4r1 ah 8cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its(,b1; l ybz gh0z4zrs,fj oz4i original volume during an adiabatic proci z4b1;os 0lbfz,h4jzr, gzy(ess. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except sj-z-v trtp67c016uj 0h lccuthat one contains 1rvj 7s6-jt6 - clu00 cptzuch$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except tl*phin w 2i; o/nkp-:shat one containsiwns2:/p;h p iok- nl* $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the P/18oa c u+rbcjV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, th)umt +29e )7 o4,9 rkqyn/aemgqv, idqlnp)ciere is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic1v c 9yiqywlwoj-nz w7 xy p-g7jceg0m)204o2s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant press-rx4u 5 9)xtjd zbsfu0ure as heat is added to it. This process id0fuj bsrx4t9z-5 )xu s

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a syc 0 dq/ujcy*x2 jykg2wgg58c0 /h)ic r.0nxtample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the jqwc/x.h0xy y0c20k)ci5jgdg/ r2n ct*y8ug internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ir:,gn7v44bggp b j)th s


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric processzw9xmm8cjdylzsf8tfq( *s r3 d4w9)0 , there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsuj 558uypdm:zuhm32 nb xg ;5su.+fix, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expanc31x u reqp+sk(48wbk d as heat energy is added to ieqx1 k 8w(cs+ pu4r3kbt. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal (3cp khi;sk ;k 0jfh1be) crl3gas at constant volume. As a result, thebc1k0 shhp j rf(c;)k3 3;ielk internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermea) s/0qljz y8odynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold qgf6y 6./wkkureservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from asxs2 ca3 3j-pzz; 1fwc cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according ts dht70;qsgy, pt: id5o Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how a2:q3x3fgsy .f u3i ;j9g. e7zhskdir much work is done by an engine operu.kzj:q e2x7ysia3gsr ifgf9 3.hd3 ;ating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as6 vmkrv8 ;wbj) eqpjd3( b2ng. the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engi246.8 3 9-kszdji at 6dnsy+enenwjegne is to be 100%, the heat sink must en23k. jd 6 sj4aiyg ne-wn+zt6s 89edbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ldzb rs,c5,8ca cxqybf (m90 -of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thed1*ewf 0ebd,m2dsh1r ,6f swc rmodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a reet5d7a:bqt,5 qzybk6frigerator is defined as the ratio o7qady6,55 q :tbtbekzf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio o3va gycv6qfg0-4u.*w 5l kgo jf

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entrr x3t-p0sx ,9h z4hy;j.jx cvka/)oetopy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics: tyjvu);i3 y9s t)thacx 2uk., for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which o. 2ut;t yyc xjavs:u)ki) h93tne of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodyn,rq 9/;+jkc-: gao a3xe.nmj6r vvhwmamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of the1l lu/sn6br3l n /mgal+d-7s k8,p vrs:9t flurmodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat 0; r5x7vmv4 pbd3 cmgvis removed from an ideal gas. What is them0vvb75x 3dmrcp4 g ;v change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, p0d b1le2czjn;s/+r 4hbs 7fb5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the ; s41b hb +r7pbcfd/z2je0n lswork done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal procef)sl f b0,3+enho;hifn qa/o8 f jr-2x jttm(6ss is -400 J. What is the change in internal enefn3rehh2f j8o t6+l,an ;-xt sb f/j fmi(o0)qrgy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatica 9yse0yi jb 9ws0a +(daw2r1znlly. What is the change in internal enw b+9jsnw2 z deasri1y(9a00yergy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes ap+sq s qeaf*hodh xm2 +a37w((n adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is ts*m+w(sd 7hfhe a2 +( xopa3qqhe change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 b7ize p,b/.h tJ. Whatz7 /, bh.ebtip is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wh5k3rh0oy9g h7t m c-rlat is the heh5omtkr3ghl 9r c-y 07at exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is 2mw e(zhmjd+kyd4w ;-cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work id2m jedwyh;wz-k+ (m4s done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume wheyk*,5xxdz pmju o, l1w)g-(hmn 831 J of energy is removed from it. How m5 dh)wyl1xmup* z,k- jmo(,gxany moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water atgi0lwopu8s83d/ p12( ie j,etb1srk - fhizg: $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each ct(k/4t smbma*ycle. What is the effici4/k mtb*sma( tency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of pwjp(deg*7 5upm6mn( 0oy hx(heat per cycle. How much work does it perpo (uw((dp j 7*y5xnh0g mmep6form in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.je1s4b,yyl ajkcm220 pgd5s 10% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does itd2esl11jkj smb5c4 , gyy2a p0 exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 k2ri*sbf;*wwk cal. Calculate the efficienc* b* ;rwwis2kfy of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycj qx3ijr/5+hrp:t7 w l ov-(kk8 ws7pcle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cojlhkpk3875 s/trr ix+:v7 wpc( q-w jycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient 826fhytjek) niq8 0( -zmu//yeznkduengines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion cha)d/ f6k zy20i enkn8-ue qmy(z8/juthmber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fobk r/u;+0 mulwx+3 zixllowing characteristicsz r3xlbuiwm;+u x+/0k : combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient elxn up oz1/ )zn0*s8cqw1d3bfngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempe0on1 dqf u83/b)p wclzsn* xz1rature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6k1lqlu4*)koum ;pj 3h00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gener fjxnz:fkq,e 9m0fg;;ates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gent* *adoqcd;b(oml 6,xerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between e rd *c1/bct( 42kmhbw$450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretiweufqqg1 8 2 oh5np)t:cal efficiency possible for an engine operating betwg 851)wqne2qo:p htufeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the tempb)zzmyd-u 4:t* o4 szj7ik9czbb9po1erature of the cold ks z z zb*7tm :bu1oycbo9-4i)dz9j4preservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bwb :*(r15f fsyamr gky. ,f7btetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate o54i3bhx7fd2eal5tnw/ tux ) tc*:yhr f 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required rba2x t5/c):f3uh4t7 endhiyl*t w5 xin each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratw*b-7h v:ho b rv01.sv7wjv wue of 20 kJ and ejects 24 k7 ww*svhw. -vurj:1vb hbv07o J into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a wmk+d bnvk e 2+oa.;-trefrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer aewk+ m;-d+tao .2bvknnd expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g sza g: 8b5-psvof ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the changfg(29c vz( ;-ngrwofge in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an is --rrawxu +fu3uk-5 wdothermal expansion and its entropy w3+a5ru -xkduwr-fu-changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at -n:zo h20hmk n$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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