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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph i )5fy wlk *92ne;titeks an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal procp8sj5/hysp o( ess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of theuz0: fqj3qj m3rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change incilp+xe8)z r(7(sx hf its temperature. This procef)rps c7e+lz(h8x(i xss is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isother)6 u,y,hecmdq mally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the chame6,u) hc,dyqnge of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume; p0tl2pfrv-,djwdhy2c21 y k during an isothermal process. The f22ck02j 1dy-tvryp,d ;p wf lhinal pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. 7 5tv phe-mog()3 y+mmq/jpe3s hht .aDuring this process, 6 va7mhppt 5+eg (3)s-j3omhmq. t /ehyJ of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated e7i dz )a/iyur4nvironment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This piu7/d )iayz4 rrocess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics g+yk nh//*zg )2lqv2pd:xpuv +5gydh, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-kf-v *y,7ua/an4kea mhalf its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final prkfnv7ka -,ua4*eym/ a essure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects n7,e ) qxoxb wcr/c1n/)avjh0except that one contains 1h7coj )qr cn0/ewa,vxbx /n) $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except g kd (d/bg;x+()p9wegclbj:o(e2h *hboacp, that one contains (9)pdgooh/+ejk ce(bwcbb:(gglh2x *;p ,ad $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram 9aj/a.vlrv7nea- 5x jis an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is g b 1sjz)xcdht6 +;i6yno change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, bvj1d gu 0edtz8o7(e)$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressurecq9 q kvzh27ui1wd g9)pgcz8i+q* -ej as heat is added to it. This procei*zq1 wgu k 8v9+qz2gpq)ec-dchj 97i ss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a samw+gp5 z 9: chrbk:/v xhdhw9.7v:jmrsple of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the c :hj9:sw:zv9+ hr rw7.p b5kvdhgm/ xinternal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on l6kn tm sr1-n6 j 95vybexhar*:e*)vfthe PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chavh,yo57hb(hh nge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicskgz/pgbr :yzxb2omg2+48k9n , $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid cooz9il n-zt9z;9al 1s ontainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it.z;soi9azo9l9- tl1n z This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of h+rezn3imu:6* f (uww ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the ge3zi frw* wh(nu: u+6mas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamle t 7poj,u:hdv () ch7nxyng( 1yf5fzlb), (gics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfers:r:spo ly;h e+9iuv3 heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer h9a/(bsg xjlne8zg5lrl.zsk: 6a12q r eat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according ej4raiem 0 ,oj eh.jq7*1,doi2zc) jp to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustratedi(xc7aizvk ,vee3 .j 81,kpox here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine oo3 7ev.1avpc,ijkiex8( k,zxperating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is definmytr):z y2eeg/ .8pe u)g+kybo)i5aw idm0+ked as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu.0( 2zpv g4bmmc-g4rxyz uw r(st z42rrvb c-0(. wzg y(4pmumxgbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisth;t4uq;qlavbh : u m*7s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck sta hx7tnf)1r2kstement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the rati+fm ggws)gs1t5n8c 2 ro ofsn +g fcgw5ms1)8g t2r

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined am.imlx8 nk:0grx 2b,ss the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of thca5n3e 1ifnn 26nry c4e water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamiq7uevva;it,k/b pyt;s94a/oars. . io3ywd/ cs, for any process that may occur within an iso ys;taourvitesk/i a3 /,.a 79wyv./;ob pqd4lated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of thq38bo2f6ytg/ i j /x8znsd6iae second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics le l (immpi/mbn1(6d5evbt k0 +oads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process,gzo:3* dd jqvcq,1+xi 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in inte3,g+ qz*dx oi d1q:jvcrnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal pr+7pr5, jit1 ilxp iee2ocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work doni2+57 lpptx re1,eiij e in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an iquh6fg 9 g*2husothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in in2uqg*gh f u96hternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in comp5els(*md a*m8h5 rjavressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the gaasdljh5mme (5 r*v8 *as?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of w0nf gowwcsg t;u+5 ;gkts: 6wf)t 3x5cork. What is the change in internal enert6stgk;+ f5 x0g;t)cswo3 gw5:fcunw gy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systewoar3hs0+l:t gq u-ro6k c,z 6m decreases by 50 J. What is the work doo 0t c:lgu663,hzrw-kso ra+q ne?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the ini,g04zk fju(bternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchaufzj(, g4i0kb nge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of q5 n8 tvjdz(1 yhz,jo4f cw,w*a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This v,ozzdftw 1y4 8 *q j5wnhj(c,feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is.7ja vgw(xy6)c/uhbb removed from it. How many/ hb 6 wcgy7xv.aub(j) moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.dzk ,cz(/a/ qg0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 a1mb /vpqsut/ 8em2.wJ in each cycle. What is the effbu1m2vpm/q8 stae/ .w iciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle.0k-59l u2 2wz.ajeondptjo m3 How much work does it perform in eachnm5d-9j okezw2.l2taj p3u0 o cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an e-vp; 0di)4vhd7 ls;yc5 nva dnfficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust inv-adsy i;p 47h);vdln 5cdv n0 each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kct7u;tn/ xmn);5d a 8vlnpfy3.a oy qf8al. Calculate 8 y.tyt3 7aq ;mpludo n5/fa8n n)f;xvthe efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle a-/d ggnaad *e;nd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eachggan-e;* dda/ cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chaf i3:f4hulg -29jh )b ojnup8tracteristics: combustion chamb fuhoji9)l23g8 t-njbp4hu: fer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient eng;d4)n2/k+2 bg yg lrwc)ocfqlhkm 2v6ines built so far has the following characteristics: cd lmnc+;64r)g2w2bhk vqc/g2fl)y okombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engi;0xqh:he l zwe,le)h3to x4/fnes built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempe ex/)ehlf04zhtxo w l3 q;:e,hrature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pou7 z b9g -.cwksai.ln1wer. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. e9mv+ o ccpqkk9j0;;wThe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant u*,9rvdcs*n(t: s 9p 7hkunebbses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot ef+:,d skv4c pysficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency poaatt ;z;ier7b :o s(n+ssible for an engine operating betweenet tzo:;ir as7b;n(+ a $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of tnqa8c490l2pw +s uw5mi zlz vqok7; g.he cold reservoir if the temperature of 0lalwk;+iqzzc4mo5 u nsq.72wg9v8p the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between p8:b nbh9udy15 q qci t5bdv++$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the *; o8 psoi)m2iiw83ccet25g x lp ,twlrate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in e*o2ci,ew; 8 swo2mli it lgt 5xp)c3p8ach cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the frktccs6* dyn;))t9u o 9fpj;dleezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeff; dst;y l)6cdt9pnk *ucj9 of)icient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 232li/yra 5v k0(+nuqnvu -)lrv 0 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in eain-0yr ) uluv2(l a5r qkvn+/vch cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy wh ,ka+f+3w9us vrio:dji4 *qor 5(cdg fen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in enpp fdx,omp++d -s2jw 7tropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expanebal g-l47 l(k()ycptt;vzh(sion and its entropy changes byalph;b y(k ec4vll()t(zgt-7
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at l+m+*;tlwaqw h n /;bkuhc/ )a$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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