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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is b.x-eah-od+d9dsu; u an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chaew)rbxnzwr4q8r5btjt3qj 1z ( f8 ) 1hnge in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, opx7;. dm0b uw-,xhysl,qx*y $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with.*u c6 v4ayayt.oh6 7rhtiz8r no change in its temperature. This procezia 7uty c6ra8..y4vhrt *6ho ss is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 9gt/k)z z c/ t/t3szdwL. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expzzc/ 3dt/gtw9)t z sk/ended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orztmnk7./h *w uouur+ c2 (f orv)bhm*3iginal volume during an isothermal process. The finalto nr2)v f7wkcu3rhu m+( z*mo*hbu. / pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. b9p ,km l4nxz8sfhdyi 7/0 c5nDuring this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded th/d9 zmcp7ns,4fh bi5xn0 kl8y e gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an ied231p9s k mcynoeeo;*ng(l 6solated environment. During the event, the gas ee dng ekom 9le6y*n3cs2(o1p; xchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam,mg+m8q q82fg7+ra7wfb tizdics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal ga3 pyi :npndg(+s is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabai: nd+ pp3gyn(tic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one cnk6u5/5n9 lgmk tb *ytr p1b,sontains / tyb9,6*p rnk55 nm1 tbskglu$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders ofwm (: ,8,n rs7+drzqop/ep hupl(at7 o gas identical in all respects except that one containss:(d7ru,8 p7+m pwo,(l oqpe /nt hzra $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the a 8qv7w(xzwq4 PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, thj fo.)i,brg 7uere is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofl (rl4wk*x ;5hu5yn8 bkxa/wl thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant auyjwsq/f6 6 j4c24ss+wgdp/pressure as heat is added to it. This process is 4p6swa/f/4+ussjwqc6 2dyjg

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a samauvts5 xkl)q n0q:+hgzpz1, ) ple of ideal gas at constant pressur0)avstq1n,5+gxp zqh:k) l uze. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diaggro0 0fjukyd vs,u)t.0ji t7 , bz*bvy(g* *liram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chd n-myj:mc 6*az9 aj2aange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn;/va,to 8n0vifn f0ll0pf-z pamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as 030fvb4s d.,svywm(f)oopbf heat energy is added to i.) dfw4sosb3f0,b y 0 pf(vovmt. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are t.c ajz6fi zp4jv91bf4 ransferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant voluv46f pjb4i1afc9j zz. me. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of the0w*sqi,w1r x k 9he g+xh9:5f p.duzulrmodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservo fyuy9.7)bup b1-af,x kn2jl 9p2wllyir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reserv srqrz ua+f4.1wm((g h4p+tvnoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordinm; vosi oi5vrbd*n-y,; qd6 6vg to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated u/j8m k0 +w(+i;.ya 9pazuovmsi1z hchere. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine oper (upmu /8aj ac.w9iy z;+ iv1hsz0mko+ating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat eng m wd1132hbqrbine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficienjrat855k r hmnc : m6 l5.-hs 6+snmna(tlaag2cy of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustrm n5tsj n2 ch6:+ma n.5k a(ag85-ra ls6lhmt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistso)n+ /q( bdibv of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of t b/ji5fbp6 nolf /* 6r18vfvcn(s2n rthe second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator i 4u 5elz6mfopkxvq*5 3c+y:lb s defined as the ratio oulx bm6z kyepc3+*vl 4:5fqo5 f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio j.kwv coc4sd64i/ zn6of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, thefzk b; enyt+1; entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process t4mfivx- 7+d(,w 62aqrb+fe vczb:ov ahat may occur within an isolat-ar,x6va( w b+f fq zim4vvd ce7o:2b+ed system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of :e/-1* dh9(faz ul fgk8pefvhthermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics luvkjfo4 p6. 6z ,trj+keads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal pv bu+eu5,m st3 j*ynp(rocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the chang*sy n+,ju3pm (vbet5ue in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat iu -,fesfq y54il-(l8rb npdzjy -d-6is removed from an ideal gas. What u yy s b (--dlq,4dfi8-fnzjpr-65ileis the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas uvn2v1o6x v0bsystem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energy?nv12bxouvv 06

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compres,e tf9 q5l/ro9s3vz uwsing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal enevzr lo39 te 5sfq,u/w9rgy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adz( d h:y*5ofqp mz5n9tmdd4i;iabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal eneropi4z*5fqm n zt5 (:d;myd9dh gy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by .bm0 c2a.iv0ee3o gnc50 J. What i.amb30.0v cice2 go ens the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 Jq,1;ir:ex5 e i2 tvzeo. What isv:1 2 5t;oeir qee,ixz the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volub.u-epv ) ja/ume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy frovp e)./ b-ajuum the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled 8 *gd;.l3t jn.f:ygdzn9 wu2wqablu -by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removewy. a.239l;u8gtbdlf uwz*n: dq-jng d from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.az 268snv)au(s 3ku*vi;njlb 0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What *5gp v mptyy6+is the effityp5 yp6*v g+mciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hea6kwg-vd7 t4 sf0q r+*q sa go4qjzks,7t per cycle. H-ga 0sr,k *47szgtskv6 qq7w+jdf q 4oow much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efjfta (*+ j13rvdpepb (ficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cv je bf*1ptad(p3j(+r ycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal r(pn8lu .j aezk;)x:q. Calculate the efficien).juzpxn 8 q :r;leak(cy of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle(wf:m - *q5zd,asyr vf and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate t(qf 5-d:mz,fya*rwsv he work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines builjh.v )wrj9p 5ct so far has the following characteristics: combust prvwh5cj.j) 9ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterisszy*gmua 7;uz87nra(lo* jt ( tics: combustion chamber temp7 u lg;a*m 87n(zst(yrajouz*erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the folldgcem ycouy3lkw* se3k8e/61h- l2 e :owing characteristics: combuskosee3kcm l/ 8 wyud1e-l6chg:32ye*tion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pl*-w7fu(q0eo tsh g i*k3bkd1u ant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW obar+b+;v f1z nf electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600kzf0b-u 7qd;a t(uyw: MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficienc yn n44d5tsm3 g/er:epy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possiblzk)s8dz.e,(mj lc) phe for an engine operating betweenpje )lz k8.(sch zd,)m $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperaturfyq(bd9*9vginq/yd80d;gi ) y impp(e of the cold reservoir if the temperfy n9bg8y(i)dydpg 0*q/ d qi;(p9ivmature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatiqqa 6 .n9blneoqpon;sb-.g; +ng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fr oce45j 126:uw v)i tf9(m.alvmoexfvom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejectf:eo.)o16 v emcfw 29mutj x4a5 vlv(is 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartm sr;c y ozxny6camj /,xk9.l;,ent at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.,sml.y /,ajcx6c;r nz9xoyk; What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of oper f,wz9*x mg5 vk .s,pc qmz.jld0c4-wsation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and evmf..wjd s9gc-p4ls ,mz*05qwk,zc xxpels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in enfntd+vbu 92 y*6: ruuttropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropa-,4s:k- zc4l4fb z 4giang ley is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at ST4e l/u.wvv /py:mg u+quwj)+ msf7m h;P undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes . ywjgve; vu/flh + w)s /mmupu:+m74qby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at e b8,b9pvh8yq*cc- jb$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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