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习题练习:gc textbook chapter 13 temperature and kinetic theory

 作者: admin   总分: 127分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 25年02月16日 19:56  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which has more atoms: 1 kg of iron or 1 kg of aluminum? See the periodic n qk0cq *3f g4-)yvhnvtable or Appendvqnhf v3* cnqy)kg-04ix B.
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2#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Name several properties of materials that could be e(4msdk ( vtu(kkbe d7o:uay,: xploited to make a thermometbod k( m t7,d(u:vy a:(4keskuer.
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3#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which is larger, 1 Cocl rl;z6bvy na;4dzy qt;-s)t+)c,q $^{\circ} $ or 1 F $^{\circ} $?
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4#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If system A is in thermal equilibrium with system B, but B is not in thesp25pu4pr,-u+:y y u0zsvlld rmal equilibrium with system C, what can you say about the temperatures ofuysvuzs: dy-4u+52 lp,p p 0rl A, B, and C?
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5#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat bimetallic strip conse0 mi26a;6bafx9 ffqx ists of aluminum riveted to a strip of iron. When heated, the strip will bend. Which metal will be on the outside of the curve? [Hint:meiqb6ff 92xf06a a; x See Table 13–1.] Why?
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6#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
In the relation $\Delta$L = $\alpha$ $L_0$ $\Delta$T, should $L_0$ be the initial length, the final length, or does it matter? Explain.
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7#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The units for the coefficient of linear expa j/*4h(runmjxnsion $\alpha$ are $(C?)^{-1}$ and there is no mention of a length unit such as meters. Would the expansion coefficient change if we used feet or millimeters instead of meters? Explain.
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8#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Figure 13–27 shows a diag8b2 81 xxmcmifram of a simple thermostat used to control a furnace (or other heating or cooling system). The bimetallic strip consists of two strips of different metals bonded together. The electric switch is a glass vessel containing liquid mercury that conducts electricity when it can flow to touch both contact wires. Explain how this device xm 81i8x2fbmc controls the furnace and how it can be set at different temperatures.
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9#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Long steam pipes that are fixed at the st2f8zuij 8 4vxydm:: ends often have a section in the shape of j8ztmx8:ys2:ufivd4 a U. Why?
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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat, uniform cylinderq4zd00 hd:n iu j7*,yeiqyx.a of lead floats in mercury at 0 $^{\circ} $ C. Will the lead float higher or lower when the temperature is raised? Explain.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a cold mercury-in-glass thermometer is first placed in a hot tub of v- j 9qy v5dv0pcwb1su:j1dh (water, the mercury initially descends a bit and thp1 uwd sy :jvh1d9b(v- jv0cq5en rises. Explain.
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A glass container may break if one part on/,ec :e0qxsl5cehu89x- g w6yiyp9 d f it is heated or cooled more rapidly th yw,n6g9 u9qxi5edp xlc -c:s8yee0h/an adjacent parts. Explain.
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13#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The principal virtue of Pyrex glass is that its coefficient74a o tin /aep+bgrgi;84fjd2nu+ 7yt of linear expansion is much smaller 42 td gyj rn;nt48ioa/u+e77f +ip gabthan that for ordinary glass (Table 13–1). Explain why this gives rise to the increased heat resistance of Pyrex.

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14#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will a grandfather clock, accur4 5a,.uyskng +qq wwz.ate at 20 $^{\circ} $ C, run fast or slow on a hot day (30 $^{\circ} $ C)? Explain. The clock uses a pendulum supported on a long, thin brass rod.
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15#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Freezing a can of soda will cause its bottom and top to bulge so badly the can w6i6lk(g,3xn 1iuyjjk ill not stand(n6 gkul3 ji k6y1,xij up. What has happened?
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16#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a gas is rapidly com2vde9tagaf * 7pressed (say, by pushing down a piston), its temperature increases. When a gas expands against a piston, it cools. Explain these changes in temperature using the kinetic theory, in particular noting what happens to the momentum of molecules when they strike the moving piste7t a2g*9fa vdon.
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17#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will the buoyant force on an aluminum s1ij9puf n30a1,w 4s je c7foiaphere submerged in water increase or decrease if the temperature is increased from 20 j e17 p1oa9aif4w3is , jnucf0$^{\circ} $ C to 40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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18#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Charles’s law followt2a4(s(pbp k6 wuajj*s from kinetic theory and the relation betweenwkb s62tppjua (*a4(j average kinetic energy and the absolute temperature.
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19#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Gay-Lussac’sd*v6 je fai*o5sawn86z9 z,zy law follows from kinetic theory.
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20#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
As you go higher in the Earth’s atmosphere, the ratip0 -c5m y7ra )andgom7o of $N_2$ molecules to $O_2$ molecules increases. Why?
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21#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Escape velocity for the Earth refers to the qsf,b8y+ 9 rgwugq8m5minimum speed an object must have to leave the Earth and never return. The escape velocity for the Moon is about one-fifth what it is for the Earth due to the Moon’s smaller mass.wurb g,5g 9sy+qqm88f Explain why the Moon has practically no atmosphere.
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22#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Alcohol evaporates more quickly than water at room temperature. What can you z 5jk,u9v)dekls9ys0infer abou,dk 9jysluk5ez9v)0s t the molecular properties of one relative to the other?
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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why a hot humid day is far more uncomfortable than a hot d(b-y snq2 ku)c*ce,ldry day at the same temperatk beqlcy uncds()-*,2ure.
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24#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is it possible to boil wate1lv1z.tiu6pf :0m 9 bpwut+g fws7b l6r at room temperature (20 $^{\circ} $ C) without heating it? Explain.
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25#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Consider two days when the air temperature is the same but th t l-,+ulp:kkg+oj.sho-a c4uk hki)4e humidity is different. Which oh-p +suok4lkljg,k -kic u4)at .:h+ is more dense, the dry air or the humid air at the same T? Explain.
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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why it is dangerous to open the radiator cap of an overh/mkho3 x 21yuoeated automobile engik/x2o yhm3ou1 ne.
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27#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why does exhaled air appear as a little white cloud igu3mi .pp s0j7xe x/zd(m9a)rn the winter (Fig. 13–28)?
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28#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many atoms are there in a 3.4-granlfg/x3ma2+b 32lysbl -wpe 3m copper penny?   $ \times10^{22}$ atoms of Cu

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29#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does the number of atoms in a 26.5-gram gofm4 :nr3 7 cbbf0rk8zpld ring compare to the number in a silver ring off rm pb4f7z8 k0c:rbn3 the same mass?$N_{Au}$ =    $N_{Ag}$

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30#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  “Room temperature” is often taken to be b.pf.n4q q9lz),uu zm m1p2 ce68°F. What is this on the Celsius scale?.1quz4q 2)mpl mnb .fzup c9,e   $^{\circ} $ C
(b) The temperature of the filament in a lightbulb is about 1800 $^{\circ} $ C. What is this on the Fahrenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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31#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Among the highest and lowest temperatures q atd1 bn:ff24recorded are 136 $^{\circ} $F in the Libyan desert and -129 $^{\circ} $F in Antarctica. What are these temperatures on the Celsius scale?high =    $^{\circ} $ C
low =    $^{\circ} $ C

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32#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Celsius scale is what Fahrenheit temperature?    $^{\circ} $ F
(b) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Fahrenheit scale is what Celsius temperature?   $^{\circ} $ C

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33#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an alcohol-in-glassh9hfy +spoj .+ thermometer, the alcohol column has length 11.82 cm at 0.j ph+y.of h+s90 $^{\circ} $ C and length 22.85 cm at 100.0 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the temperature if the column has length
(a) 16.70 cm,    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) 20.50 cm?    $^{\circ} $ C

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34#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A concrete highway is built of slabs 12 m (6uokiu4.xp;g3 j(o wwj zfv +long (20 $^{\circ} $ C). How wide should the expansion cracks between the slabs be (at 20 $^{\circ} $ C) to prevent buckling if the range of temperature is -30 $^{\circ} $ C to +50 $^{\circ} $ C?    m

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35#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Super Inva$^{TM}$, an alloy of iron and nickel, is a strong material with a very low coefficient of linear expansion [0.2$ \times10^{ -6}$(C?)$^{-1}$]
A 2.0-m-long tabletop made of this alloy is used for sensitive laser measurements where extremely high tolerances are required. How much will this table expand along its length if the temperature increases 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Compare to tabletops made of steel.   $ \times10^{-6 }$ m    $ \times10^{-4 }$ m

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The Eiffel Tower (Fig. 13–29) is built of wrought irou4fsv,,w8 nlp n approximately 300 m tall. Estimate how much its height changes between July (average temperature of 25°C) and January (average te4 8v,nluf swp,mperature of 2 $^{\circ} $ C). Ignore the angles of the iron beams, and treat the tower as a vertical beam.    m

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37#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  To make a secure fit, r 6-gaoyfi-irg,:jx utflk ut29uz - ,9ivets that are larger than the rivet hole are often used and the rivet is cooled (usually in dry ice) before it is placed in the hole. A steel rivet 1.871 cm in diameter is to be placed in a hole 1.869 cm if-u:or tf-- y9 ,x,9u2gu jzgaitl6kin diameter at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must the rivet be cooled if it is to fit in the hole?    $^{\circ} $ C

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38#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of water 4m0n* 5qafrf) fyq. 9rrso69 )wpotod at 4 $^{\circ} $ C is $ 1\times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is water’s density at 94 $^{\circ} $ C?    kg/$m^3$

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39#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A quartz sphere is 8.75 cm in diameter. What will be its change in vol1/xe;agsjxb97 koc84 f si 8soume if it is heated from 3 sg8 bos9jfoeck/as 1xi 487x;0 $^{\circ} $ C to 200 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{ -2}cm^3$

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40#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ordinary glass is filled to the brim with 350.0 mL of v/2s ;y gaj:fvwater at 100.0$^{\circ} $ C. If the temperature decreased to 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C, how much water could be added to the glass?    mL

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41#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It is observed that 55.50 mL of water at jovk3: ..a3wqm ls2e 1vfzq+ ,3p;-wtgrz flv20 $^{\circ} $ C completely fills a container to the brim. When the container and the water are heated to 60 $^{\circ} $ C, 0.35 g of water is lost. (a) What is the coefficient of volume expansion of the container?    $ \times10^{-5 }$ /$C^0$(b) What is the most likely material of the container? The density of water at 60°C is 0.98324g/ml.

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42#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) A brass plug is to be placed in a ring yl: -e pqk++( uh omxcy371gvvmade of iron. At 20 $^{\circ} $ C, the diameter of the plug is 8.753 cm and that of the inside of the ring is 8.743 cm. They must both be brought to what common temperature in order to fit?    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) What if the plug were iron and the ring brass?    $^{\circ} $ C

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43#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a fluid is contained in a long, narrow qby cey:z96ekvns5 :.z blz.2vessel so it can expand in essentially one cbze2 ye:.n.k 96l vzzy :sb5qdirection only, show that the effective coefficient of linear expansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of volume expansion $\beta$.
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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Show that the changb:.k is.2 ewvc8gwa6n e in the density $\rho$ of a substance, when the temperature changes by $\Delta$T is given by $\rho$ = -$\beta$$\rho$$\Delta$T
(b) What is the fractional change in density of a lead sphere whose temperature decreases from 25 $^{\circ} $ C to -40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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45#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A uniform rectangular plate of length l and width w has coeffi8zchbp2(bk2 myg 5d6q 8jv7 srcient of linear expansi27 86mqzjdcp h8bkb 5rsy(g2von $\alpha$ Show that, if we neglect very small quantities, the change in area of the plate due to a temperature change $\Delta$T is $\Delta$A = 2$\alpha l w$$\Delta$T See Fig. 13–30.

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46#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for an isotropic solid4g7 safd qhs, 9dr)d -upqb+x0l)vg (p, $\beta$ = 3$\alpha$ if the amount of expansion is small. $\beta$ and $\alpha$ are the coefficients of volume and linear expansion, respectively. [Hint: Consider a cubical solid, and neglect very small quantities. See also Problem 18 and Fig. 13–30.]

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47#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The pendulum in a grandfather clock is made odac h f 8;niu4z+3ii:ef brass and keeps perfect time at 17 :84+z3fune ic i;idah $^{\circ} $ C. How much time is gained or lost in a year if the clock is kept at 25 $^{\circ} $ C? (Assume the frequency dependence on length for a simple pendulum applies.)$\approx$    min(Round to the nearest integer)

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48#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) The tube of a mercury 0cu7ohje 1sd).kd04 bc rt82ta1yjwbthermometer has an inside diameter of 0.140 mm. The bulb has yrhd 1d14bo.jcktc0tu7ew )b0asj82a volume of 0.255 $cm^3$ How far will the thread of mercury move when the temperature changes from 11.5 $^{\circ} $ C to 33.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Take into account expansion of the Pyrex glass.    cm(b) Determine a formula for the length of the mercury column in terms of relevant variables. Ignore tube volume compared to bulb volume.

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49#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 23.4-kg solid aluminum cylindrical wheel of radi1no12x2e1bdhktxk -b us 0.41 m is rotating about its a2bktkh x1n21e1bo- xdxle on frictionless bearings with angular velocity $\omega$ = 32.8 rad/s If its temperature is now raised from 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C to 75.0 $^{\circ} $ C, what is the fractional change in $\omega$?   

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50#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An aluminum bar has the desire102yg,nz r icgd length when at 15°C. How much stress is required to keep it at this length if the temperature1r2n0c, gyg iz increases to 35 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{7 }$ N/$m^2$

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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) A horizontal steel I-ber-ts-l *mh4lz am of cross-sectional area 0.041$m^2$ is rigidly connected to two vertical steel girders. If the beam was installed when the temperature was 30$^{\circ} $ C, what stress is developed in the beam when the temperature drops to -30 $^{\circ} $ C (b) Is the ultimate strength of the steel exceeded? (c) What stress is developed if the beam is concrete and has a cross-sectional area of 0.13$m^2$ Will it fracture?
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52#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A barrel of diameter ;ny6c *)+6h nu18 z9ocewu lb yev2ysx134.122 cm at 20$^{\circ} $ C is to be enclosed by an iron band. The circular band has an inside diameter of 134.110 cm at 20$^{\circ} $ C. It is 7.4 cm wide and 0.65 cm thick.
(a) To what temperature must the band be heated so that it will fit over the barrel? $\approx$   $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)
(b) What will be the tension in the band when it cools to 20$^{\circ} $ C?    N

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53#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What are the following temperatuma.wic4xbxks vq5 ftbo;*9954ta i5 xres on the Kelvin scale:
(a) 86$^{\circ} $ C,    K
(b) 78$^{\circ} $F,    K
(c) -100$^{\circ} $C    K
(d) 5500°C,    K
(e) -459$^{\circ} $F    K

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54#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Absolute zero is what u9 33j7ym5 ihzzb)z axtemperature on the Fahrenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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55#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Typical temperatures in the interior of the Earth and Sun are about jbtmy6i3 /8 jsw.hv2v4000$^{\circ} $ C and $ \times10^{6 }$ $^{\circ} $ C respectively.
(a) What are these temperatures in kelvins?    K    $ \times10^{ 6}$K
(b) What percent error is made in each case if a person forgets to change $^{\circ} $ C to K? $\approx$    %(Round to the nearest integer) $\approx$    %(Round to three decimal places)

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56#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 3 $m^2$ of a gas initially at STP is placed under a pressure of 3.20 atm, the temperature of the gas rises to 38.0$^{\circ} $ C. What is the volume?    $m^3$

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57#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an internal combustion engine, air at atmospheric pressure and a tempera 5usq* l91*gyrjywgkv 6.0ci dture of ab1 g sg9i dw5qklvy0.6uc**y jrout 20$^{\circ} $C is compressed in the cylinder by a piston to $\frac{1}{9}$ of its original volume (compression ratio = 9.0). Estimate the temperature of the compressed air, assuming the pressure reaches 40 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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58#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the density of oxygen aw xusx8 xqrpl03v8wsh +ezh oi7 .0-4at STP using the ideal gas law.    kg/$m^3$

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59#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank contains ib,: ,jj; xss lu0apn(21.6 kg of nitrogen ($N_2$) at an absolute pressure of 3.65 atm. What will the pressure be if the nitrogen is replaced by an equal mass of $CO_2$    atm

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60#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank at STP co315h/0theop, rj xxj intains 18.5 kg of nitrogen ($N_2$)
(a) What is the volume of the tank? $\approx$   $m^3$(“Round to one decimal places)
(b) What is the pressure if an additional 15.0 kg of nitrogen is added without changing the temperature?    $ \times10^{5 }$Pa    atm

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61#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 18.75 mol of helium gf.)wk .cpdg,c- *vfoz9 wh bpbpl81:pas is at 10.0$^{\circ} $C and a gauge pressure of 0.350 atm, (a) calculate the volume of the helium gas under these conditions.    $m^3$
(b) Calculate the temperature if the gas is compressed to precisely half the volume at a gauge pressure of 1.00 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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62#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the pressure inside a 35.0-L containe aj2a74al)yier holding 105.0 kg of argon gas at aij)a7y2a el4 385 K?   $ \times10^{ 8}$Pa

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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tank contains 26.0)5 ayg eywj91m -g;gmtx4dkb( kg of $O_2$ gas at a gauge pressure of 8.70 atm. If the oxygen is replaced by helium, how many kilograms of the latter will be needed to produce a gauge pressure of 7.00 atm?    kg He

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64#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A hot-air balloon achieves its buoy)+g/wtdf0 3x0yx s0poso ii;eant lift by heating the air inside the balloon, which makes it less dense than the air outside. Suppx/owoys)gi t0 e0+dx i;sfp03ose the volume of a balloon is 1800 $m^3$ and the required lift is 2700 N (rough estimate of the weight of the equipment and passenger). Calculate the temperature of the air inside the balloon which will produce the required lift. Assume that the outside air temperature is 0 $^{\circ} $ C and that air is an ideal gas under these conditions. What factors limit the maximum altitude attainable by this method for a given load? (Neglect variables like wind.) $\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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65#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tire is filled with air)rgj ood(e/s/o .f .iz at 15 $^{\circ} $ C to a gauge pressure of 220 kPa. If the tire reaches a temperature of 38 $^{\circ} $ C, what fraction of the original air must be removed if the original pressure of 220 kPa is to be maintained?    %

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66#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 61.5 L of oxygen u* s-ok:k+glzdjbo)w g0nb ,p 5:v nu:at 18.0 $^{\circ} $ C and an absolute pressure of 2.45 atm are compressed to 48.8 L and at the same time the temperature is raised to 50.0°C, what will the new pressure be?    atm

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67#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A helium-filled balloon escapes bs690aztve o;a child’s hand at sea level and 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C. When it reaches an altitude of 3000 m, where the temperature is 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C and the pressure is only 0.70 atm, how will its volume compare to that at sea level?    times the original volume

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68#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the number of molecue1m5ce y-ok8x les / $m^3$ in an ideal gas at STP.    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules /$m^3$

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69#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many moles of water are there in 1.000 L? How manynexy t1ted.k8nm;w)1 j.i u:r molecules?    mol    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules

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70#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of (a) mol x;g9t 7kc/kries,    $ \times10^{22 }$ moles and (b) molecules of water in all the Earth’s oceans. Assume water covers 75% of the Earth to an average depth of 3 km. $\approx$    $ \times10^{46 }$ molecules

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71#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cubic box of volume 5;ksazxyau5e76ivzwz +,( 7lt.1$ \times10^{ -2}m^3$ is filled with air at atmospheric pressure at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. The box is closed and heated to 180 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the net force on each side of the box?    N

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72#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate how many molecules of a n(.k)pl6d0ujgbi mw (ir are in each 2.0-L breath you inhale that were also in the last breath Galil0d)(6minlkp.ugwj (b eo took. [Hint: Assume the atmosphere is about 10 km high and of constant density.]   $\frac{molecules}{breath}$

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73#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) What is the average translational kinetic energy of an oxygenjolc5sz*y65/j .mjvmn0o1*mznu fx 4k ijt09 molecule at STP? uoo0c0 *mknjzf619tm jj*zl .sn54ijy5 vxm/   $ \times10^{-21 }$ J
(b) What is the total translational kinetic energy of 2.0 mol of $O_2$ molecules at 20 $^{\circ} $ C?   $ \times10^{3 }$ J

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74#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the rms speed of helium atoms near the surfim+6 -dj iy /ycxzg34q1;i 3rv,vxd.phbg u5face of the Sun at a temperatuhb,vgx cyijg;4z 1v/5u ydip- xr 33i6qf.+md re of about 6000 K.    m/s

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75#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  By what factor will the rms speed of gas molj,cnmq* w4zm- ud93lqecules increase if the temperature is in9cu-mzd,3q *j4lw mq ncreased from 0 $^{\circ} $ C to 100 $^{\circ} $ C?   

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76#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must it be raised to double the rms speed of its molecules?    $^{\circ} $ C

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77#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Twelve molecules have the following hy u,7 mv)x.wpi;a8d pspeeds, given in units of km/s: 6, 2, 4, 6, 0, 4, 1, 8, 5, 3, 7, and 8. Calap uv 8 y;md7xw).p,hiculate the rms speed. $v_{rms}$ =    km/s

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78#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The rms speed of molecules in a gas vc.1l(9bxor1 gyh*/k lh 2oh rat 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C is to be increased by 1.0%. To what temperature must it be raised?    $^{\circ} $ C

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79#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the pressure of a gas is doubled br5fgz(n7gd( ;)dw tiwhile its volume is held constant, by what fac(g grt57zdf;wi )nb(d tor does $v_{rms}$ change?   

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80#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the rms speed of molecules in a gas is gi cm c cbltll5 *1;9+lfdss/ip(ven by $v_{rms}$ = $\sqrt{3P\\rho}$ where P is the pressure in the gas, and $\rho$ is the gas density.
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81#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for a mixture of twow;j+bry7m0o jow2 :nc gases at the same temperature, the ratio of their rms speeds isw 0 rbojnc2w: y;7+ojm equal to the inverse ratio of the square roots of their molecular masses.
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82#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nitrogen molecules 4 * w)u zt*xpicy 8q+0zav:yjjcontained in an 8.5$-m^3$ volume at 2.1 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1300 mol?    m/s

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83#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate (a) the rms speed of vy/b6kw7q,bz,ylp a3an oxygen molecule at 0 $^{\circ} $ C    m/s
(b) determine how many times per second it would move back and forth across a 7.0-m-long room on the average, assuming it made very few collisions with other molecules.    round trips per sec

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84#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the average distance between nitrogen molecux1 ;m nsw1sh-eles at STP?    $ \times10^{-9 }$m

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85#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) Estimate the rms speed ofxosfp 5z:im r3isku:7hu4 e- ;jgz 4n2 an amino acid whose molecular mass is 89 u in a living5 xu:gmik2 ofpr s7j;eu44-z nih3:zs cell at 37 $^{\circ} $ C.    m/s
(b) What would be the rms speed of a protein of molecular mass 50,000 u at 37 $^{\circ} $ C?    m/s

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86#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the pressure P o6 3 qyx-ntur;yf a gas can be written P = $\frac(1)(3)\rho v^2$ where $\rho$ is the density of the gas and v is the rms speed of the molecules.
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87#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The two isotopes of uranrjp7vqm3b oe i0j34v( ium, $^{235}$U and $^{238}$U (the superscripts refer to their atomic mass), can be separated by a gas-diffusion process by combining them with fluorine to make the gaseous compound UF$_6$ Calculate the ratio of the rms speeds of these molecules for the two isotopes, at constant T.   

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88#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) At atmospheric pressure, in what pxk z jpjl(yop9q9bvv1 2* dc06hases can $CO_2$ exist? (b) For what range of pressures and temperatures can $CO_2$ be a liquid? Refer to Fig. 13–21.
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89#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Water is in which phase when the pressure is 0.01 atm and the temperature i;zab 1 peq(cm0s (a) 90 z0ab1ec(qp; m $^{\circ} $ C, (b) -20 $^{\circ} $ C.
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90#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the dew point (approximately) if 88fph+cepuws/j +ab9 the humidity is 50% on a day when the temperature is 259s8pwbpu +8 /f caj+eh $^{\circ} $ C?$\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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91#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the air pressure at a place where water boils atf,954 .hjnam cnf3 uil 90 $^{\circ} $ C?    torr    Pa    atm

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92#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the air pressure at a particular place in the mountains is 0.7gx d) g1z r:eepwp0 (fedx :+:+v1lymb2 atm, estimate the(0dbyf+ee: el pz:rv1x pg+dx1 wgm): temperature at which water boils. $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C

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93#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the temperature ondwobcqb - y41+rv6l .f a day when the partial pressure of water is 530 Pa and the relvl+ bq.owrd -61cbf4yative humidity is 40%? $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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94#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the partial pressure of water on a day when the t+ prd.l9o+ut u)zg8loemperature is 25 $^{\circ} $ C and the relative humidity is 35%?    Pa

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95#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the approximate pressure inside a pressurbtkdtk9 xbu..2-bzs8 .io+sne cooker if the water is boiling a2.8 su- sn obzxk.b.t9t+ bikdt a temperature of 120 $^{\circ} $ C? Assume no air escaped during the heating process, which started at 20 $^{\circ} $ C.    atm

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96#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the humidity in a room of/ohso dg1w/6ohkr y 0q45m7m t volume 680$m^3$ at 25 $^{\circ} $ C is 80%, what mass of water can still evaporate from an open pan?    kg

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97#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Air that is at its dew point oja 6d eu48yh)uf 5 $^{\circ} $ C is drawn into a building where it is heated to 25. What will be the relative humidity at this temperature? Assume constant pressure of 1.0 atm. Take into account the expansion of the air.    %

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98#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the time needed for a glycine molecule vqv k7rb)m(;4sirdb c4l l63f(see Table 13–4) to diffuse a distan rvlkbbsrfm4 (il cv6;)q 37d4ce of 15 $\mu m$ in water at 20$^{\circ} $ C if its concentration varies over that distance from 1 mol/$m^3$ to 0.4 mol/$m^3$ Compare this “speed” to its rms (thermal) speed. The molecular mass of glycine is about 75 u. t $\approx$    s ([color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)]Round to one decimal places) $v_{diffuse}$    $ \times10^{ -5}$ m/s
$v_{rms}$    m/s


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99#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen diffuses from the sur:2.hvyf,h cd mface of insects to the interior through tiny tubes called trachea v:.h,dycmhf2e. An average trachea is about 2 mm long and has cross-sectional area of $ 2\times10^{-9 } m^2$ Assuming the concentration of oxygen inside is half what it is outside in the atmosphere,
(a) show that the concentration of oxygen in the air (assume 21% is oxygen) at 20$^{\circ} $ C is about 8.7 mol/$m^3$ then $\approx$    mol/$m^3$(Round to one decimal places)
(b) calculate the diffusion rate J,    $ \times10^{-11 }$ mol/s
(c) estimate the average time for a molecule to diffuse in. Assume the diffusion constant is $ 1\times10^{-5 } m^2/s$    s

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100#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape ma8 vp9ieh+ ,u)9locmheasure has been calibrated at 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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101#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape mwnb9u5qnry:p3ns-m7 easure has been calibrated at 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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102#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Pyrex measuring cup was calibrated at normal room temperat+jq/y3ow*xzj7o b z4 esk1n 2hure. How much error will be made in a recipe calling for 300 mL of cool water, if *jos k73e z1 4/boq2ywxj h+nzthe water and the cup are hot, at 80$^{\circ} $C, instead of at 20$^{\circ} $C? Neglect the glass expansion.$\approx$    ml

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103#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The gauge pressure in a helium gas cylinder is initial o x+(ueo5-etrly 28 atm. After many balloons have been blown up, the gauge pressu5et+-o ro xe(ure has decreased to 5 atm. What fraction of the original gas remains in the cylinder?   

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104#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of air molecules in a room of length 6.5 m, widtha,2ibu qtoegz g7 -.,e 3.1 m, and height 2.5 m. Assume the temperatbe g7,ouge-a,zq i2.t ure is 22$^{\circ} $C. How many moles does that correspond to?    $\times10^{27 }$ molecules    moles

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105#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In outer space the density of matter is abo6 pn q6b8fieok+::xr qut one atom per $cm^3$ mainly hydrogen atoms, and the temperature is about 2.7 K. Calculate the rms speed of these hydrogen atoms, and the pressure (in atmospheres).$v_{rms}$ =    m/s    $ \times10^{-22 }$ atm

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106#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The lowest pressure attainable using the best available vacuum1qs) mn+k7wrbw/ - xcod;w5 cf techniques is abou /mkx;1qw c-c5f7wnwo r)dbs+t $10^{-12} N/m^2$ At such a pressure, how many molecules are there per $cm^3$ at 0$^{\circ} $C?    $\frac{molecules}{cm^3}$

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107#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a scuba diver fills his lungs to full capacity of 5.5hji*l cq+8px8x n+m 7e L when 10 m below the surface, to what volume would his ++8q hp8e7 ixm njxl*clungs expand if he quickly rose to the surface? Is this advisable?    L

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108#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A space vehicle returning from the Moon enters Earth’s atmh.qm myu) 6n:tosphere at a speed of about 40,000 km/h Molecules (assume nitrogen) striking the nose of the vehicle with this speed correspond to what temperature? (Because of this high temperature, the nose of a space vehicle must mtm.)yq6:hun be made of special materials; indeed, part of it does vaporize, and this is seen as a bright blaze upon reentry.)    K

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109#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature of an ideal gas is increased from )nbd yt wr:akddn( 57)110$^{\circ} $C to 360$^{\circ} $C while the volume and the number of moles stay constant. By what factor does the pressure change? By what factor does $v_{rms}$ change?$\frac{P_2}{P_1}$ =    $\frac{(v_{rms})_2}{(v_{rms})_1}$ =   

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110#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A house has a volume ofdxxjoii; dtc 6z+l86 1kx* kwlf5e-c2 770m$^2$ (a) What is the total mass of air inside the house at 20$^{\circ} $C?    kg
(b) If the temperature drops to -10$^{\circ} $C what mass of air enters or leaves the house?    kg

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111#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  From the known value of atmospheric pressure ged29z f/ x*jtzp+ ng* si 2fcugpej 6k+5,r;zat the surface of the Earth, estimate the total number of air molecules in the Ead*9gzfjir 5 p+fcu ;*xp +e2keg2tjzsn,g/z6rth’s atmosphere.    $ \times10^{44 }$ molecules

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112#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nic78nr6- z smertrogen molecules contained in a 7.6$-m^3$ volume at 4.2 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1800 mol?    m/s

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113#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A standard cylinder of oxygen used in a hospital has gaug0gw 9pw qf4 y:-pezk1ie pressure = 2000 psi (13,800 kPa) and at T = 259K How long will the cylinder last if the flow rate, measu9qp :wgyp14ekiw 0-fz red at atmospheric pressure, is constant at 2.4 L/min. $\approx$    hour

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114#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An iron cube floats in a bowl of liquid mercujsm+2qrkld7kj5 6r8 yry at 0$^{\circ} $C. (a) If the temperature is raised to 25$^{\circ} $C, will the cube float higher or lower in the mercury? 
(b) By what percent will the fraction of volume submerged change?    %

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115#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of gasoline at 0rdze82.6 nyw 3cl1dux$^{\circ} $C is 0.68$ \times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is the density on a hot day, when the temperature is 38$^{\circ} $C?    kg/$m^3$
What is the percentage change?    %

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116#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a steel band were to 7u wcyk-4.tz8 dbam uf*n(/9zw;4qg b gmd4qzfit snugly around the Earth’s equator at 25$^{\circ} $C, but then was heated to 45$^{\circ} $C, how high above the Earth would the band be (assume equal everywhere)?    m

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117#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A brass lid screws tightly ontoi/77nt 1 )alazo.a lakgj6 ip2 a glass jar at 20$^{\circ} $C. To help open the jar, it can be placed into a bath of hot water. After this treatment, the temperatures of the lid and the jar are both 60$^{\circ} $C. The inside diameter of the lid is 8.0 cm at 20$^{\circ} $C. Find the size of the gap (difference in radius) that develops by this procedure.    cm

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118#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The first length standard, adopted in the 18pc;vq6( 3 7 ynhcl+(k/er nfdv$^{th}$ century, was a platinum bar with two very fine marks separated by what was defined to be exactly 1 m. If this standard bar was to be accurate to within $\pm1.0 \mu m$ how carefully would the trustees have needed to control the temperature? The coefficient of linear expansion for platinum is $ 9\times10^{ -6}C/^{-1}$. $\pm$ =    C$^{\circ} $

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119#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba tank, when fully charged, has a preszc,1,yq 0kyn j+ei0j 9t;jup bsure of 195 atm at 20$^{\circ} $C. The volume of the tank is 11.3 L.
(a) What would the volume of the air be at 1.00 atm and at the same temperature?    L
(b) Before entering the water, a person consumes 2.0 L of air in each breath, and breathes 12 times a minute. At this rate, how long would the tank last?    min
(c) At a depth of 20.0 m of sea water and temperature of 10$^{\circ} $C, how long would the same tank last assuming the breathing rate does not change?    min

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120#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The escape speed from j4m; a,ce + achq3koe6the Earth is $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$ so a gas molecule travelling away from Earth near the outer boundary of the Earth’s atmosphere would, at this speed, be able to escape from the Earth’s gravitational field. At what temperature is the average speed of
(a) oxygen molecules,    $ \times10^{5 }$K
(b) helium atoms equal to $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$    $ \times10^{4}$K
(c) Can you see why our atmosphere contains oxygen but not helium?

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121#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 1.0-kg trash-can lid c i+;2ygdj ,4kig6bkj;pl)pv is suspended against gravity by tennis balls thrown vertically upward at it. How many tennis balls per second must rebound from the l2 i,+djpi64g;b)jkc l; pvy kgid elastically, assuming they have a mass of 0.060 kg and are thrown at 12m/s   balls/s

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122#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba diver releases a 3.00-a*zy*k o0wqlx a6e nu :z)/m6lcm-diameter (spherical) bubble of air from a depth of 14.0 m in a lake. Assume the temperature is constant at 298**k: eo)wy/lx0aua l6q 6mnzz K, and the air behaves as a perfect gas. How large is the bubble when it reaches the surface?    cm

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123#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the total water vapor preskbhjx ))x))pqs3w af0sure in the air on the following two days: qjkw)0)ha)3 xsxpb ) f
(a) a hot summer day, with the temperature 30$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 40%;    Pa
(b) a cold winter day, with the temperature 5$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 80%.    Pa

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124#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sauna has 7$m^3$ of air volume, and the temperature is 90$^{\circ} $C. The air is perfectly dry. How much water (in kg) should be evaporated if we want to increase the relative humidity from 0% to 10%? (See Table 13–3.)    kg


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125#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the percent difference in the density of iron at STP, andt8,u5jw b23bc z:h bsf when it is a solid deep z5 tf2chbjb,uws8:3b in the Earth where the temperature is 2000$^{\circ} $C and under 5000 atm of pressure. Assume the bulk modulus (90$\times 10^9N/m^2$) and the coefficient of volume expansion do not vary with temperature and are the same as at STP.    %  

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126#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Use the ideal gas law to show that, for an ideal gas at constant mhf/n:5jguz1 pressure, the coeffic:u1g m /hznj5fient of volume expansion is equal to $\beta$ = 1/T where T is the temperature in kelvins. Compare to Table 13–1 for gases at T = 293K (b) Show that the bulk modulus (Section 9–5) for an ideal gas held at constant temperature is B = P where P is the pressure.
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127#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In humid climates, people im. 0:7ooy+723eua+kuqg ezx :i qqxnconstantly dehumidify their cellars to prevent rot and mildew. If the cellar in a house (kep a+ . 2zuk07ni7o+o emxy3:qg:iquexqt at 20$^{\circ} $C) has 95 $m^2$ of floor space and a ceiling height of 2.8 m, what is the mass of water that must be removed from it to drop the humidity from 95% to a more reasonable 30%?    kg

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