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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on-m qm dfrawj b,aqzhd 8cs //:4*3f,6 zswhpi8 the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is 4gnoh, 0jql1l no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo5,gaeul4j, 3wr u7ozodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its originzauy -,0gq8 rxal volume with no change in its temperature. This processqgy8z,xa ru0- is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compf)thj7j0 qe37ke8adm ressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended h7 d3q0et7mkaf )jj 8eby the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originalkycgd9k lr2 ji/y)m 4i)9v9/e (ziwnm volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the yk4y )9m nii/ )dv9e9grw2lj(/k izcm gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermaybbggl ) *b3f+ qawe0o7f(;tc lly from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the follo bltf(b3g)g7w fby+ ;qc *ea0owing statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly comtqze7 l5vgx5:pressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with itxl5vq :g7t5z es surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of xbms pom.0qp0m,2y 9ethermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-hal/que) ,:4m l2dnki sayf its original volume during an adiabatic process. The finn) d:si4,/l 2 qyaekmual pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in alle6knkcb8 7dpqw7* 0wamx4fl + respects except that one contains e*q nx8cmf al7k6bk4w 0+wp7d$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of ga +e.g2bd pm,jos identical in all respects except that one containsd.bm2jgp +o e, $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV di y55pet9,yz leagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no k7je(b(tlzont1h( i, x vi5x wh5n*1achange in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodfkvhue 51z9:w2daxn i55 z8efynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This p.5w:jy fspayalg 4ymfa3839 o rocess f apw glf43sa8:.yj95y3ymoa is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample mh q ) 1xc 6saezxnxe3)*;-kta13paol of ideal gas at constant pressure. 3 a)ck oq3enepax)1 6lt-x*hx;sz1ma As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PVn. //shyh34-kvi2edn e0b cmb diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, tho g iw2ex2wuj+o-p4f :ere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, shot9;7qyi8g45s 0 nfdidx e;$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that 4t pquk6xq;i5 cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This priu k5t pq;4qx6ocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample ofueh oh.:lb) h; ideal gas at constant volume e;lhuhob :).h. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of tho) i7nr 8 78sfdondd7sermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfe jcu qt c2(kvq:bac;09.gh7ywr heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot rhgr90ykvi g oo 6-8c.re2n z-oeservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamof,2k8c ut u,sics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken througih(yp/3cmgm, h the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an enygim m3c, ph/(gine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rati1o2r/em xs (sylh6un/o of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carno10eu 2kot-x*l*(-l srrg tkqnt engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must qkk*-n*2ur (gtx 10elr- to lsbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists l8wd/evl0lgpy j; ;x ,of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statxe zq02z6mdf 8x6e :enement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defwp.wm7z xgm8/fbz/y :a(51wod0ifvals 7jw, ined as the ratio o:bf d1vm.oa jxiww5 m/(78z7z, /0asyfwwl pg f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COPwkj)x ,j 2z+kq) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, s*piu67v phq8s(qi8 gthe entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may o0j* jfp d2c.1xvmll ,qccur within an isolated sys*vxjl ,1dljm p.f0q2c tem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second l5.oyp 8dy7 kcbaw of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude tzmy 31.xiay0q/4 inla v+ 8( r2rrgdmshat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat ibv 0ssesun,40 s removed from an ideal gas. What inv,e00s bsus4 s the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an id c.m4v 1miwa-yeal gas. What is the work donem.i 4mw1 ca-yv in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an/d2t+d,r.vhwpq g ;,c 2eymmg isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change i/p,ddm+.t c wqvmgg ;22ehyr,n internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas o7mch1bm+ qq y*r 1i.wadiabatically. What is the change in internaqoihw qcb7my 1.m+r*1 l energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic)wjwbx(.brf8 process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal e rb fb.8xww(j)nergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systxxx::qplbu lbq+ tfy7+5 l q6)em decreases by 50 J. What is the +t76:+) xlu:fblx5bl x qqypqwork done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systeiclwop2li*q j*3 9f n8m decreases by 50 J. What is the heat * fl2i9 w3cp*qn iol8jexchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mainjuj*u(w)g :par zgg;+12zwbktained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. u) gk1+bwugpjjzz* ra; (:w2 gHow much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 6e0yb h*w *ygfc-:6cb1oxw ld831 J of energy is removed from it. How many6hxc:b1wy0w 6-gby*felcd*o moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water a 70f mnqd3x8i9mo2tvft $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cyc9dap c1f.a sn8le. What is the end.s18aac9p ffficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of ukrkw ac c si32 4)1:vu9 dlv25(pgayeheat per cycle. How much work does it perform ik:ve5 u(g9c4 kip c2)2r3alyavu1 sw dn each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficie yhlu +4hzh+yt0)nk+;z18/qru nxl wnncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How mu;zu 0 uhhyklt8+zq x4/+nywrn+1n )lhch heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exh t *j98q9cotov,jqq,gqfl1 w fht.w+*austs 42 kcal. Calculate the efoq,th,*9.1w l tvfqf jw cog+9j8q t*qficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cln/e*n - w+t+1 g s6j berl1.qv4y zkepm,l/fgycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate th4l/wg.jen ,6g+1 tes*brp kzf+eq-lmnl1 /vye work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the ojsi 7f, guv:dx5rgm839g5* kb .i ezcfollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =3m,:bdxg 5r5c e.g ugkj7f9 iv8zo*i s $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cha p14k-wl s+ 9bwxzi eq+*,7yawgsiu -cracteristics: combustiik wu-eww ,zsxc7p 1bg49 y*q+s+ a-lion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built *s5 y1 dmom(4czg2s oqso far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature m(m1z5 cdoq 2sys4* og= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of end:o5yvqrr7 e ,gdo s 3o4(2urk.q3khlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrtqm;zr1uu o 7*ic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant u :l66jfy iyr/rue 7e8udesi,2ses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engin.e6rr+dt r lq 0y1yr5qe which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum thehsg y+s7w )4rlij r3 8wzy8h8ooretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwey 8 )lj7szgoh4 iwr8sw8+hry 3en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine ikm(ld-) *z d ,lci4bokfw3sl0s 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir mlloi dfb(4- z 03kkdsl*wc,) if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between g9oxre/ /o+o r.djzsf*dep6d7 j**q*lfyki5 $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comp,irrd0h7e*;r8 gdznpi gv4t6artment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is re7486 zt ddipr0,;gv*rhengr iquired in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from 0saxaa8 (( i5(h99twofsnwqa the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffi9 5wo(tqnsaxa80siw9 f ((a hacient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator aby .fdysx)z7f174s: ll gl e9bvsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work inpu9sl xfs4zy.vledy)gbf l 1 7:7t is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt av-:kni fn0g17hg ;h bu(2epvwt $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice fregylhml ) w81r-f; gq*f+y abf1ezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and k/9: cbwq fad922 z7uwoq 9enrits entropy changes b cbw9q22nuf:d arko e/99q7wzy
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at c*zv;c6e9z ia$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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