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习题练习:gc textbook chapter 13 temperature and kinetic theory

 作者: admin   总分: 127分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 25年02月16日 19:56  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which has more atoms: 1 kg of iron or 1 kg of aluminj7 u5y8bisy,uu 4say9um? See the periodic table or Appeny9 u,bs5y4yu 7su 8ijadix B.
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2#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Name several properties of materials that could be exploited to make a thermome w88o:xxvq.c , ukn:ketek,kx:xw.evqoun c:8 8r.
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3#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Which is larger, 1 Ch d1: :c h,soiecvyal)u (c;s1 $^{\circ} $ or 1 F $^{\circ} $?
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4#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If system A is in thermal equilibrium with system B,oox ue5ne:7epb0/m4 u90 btz pp5kco: but B is not in thermal equilibrium with system C, what caoz9x enock7u4:b5etb05/:upp0 o pem n you say about the temperatures of A, B, and C?
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5#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat bimetallic strip-iigz76 dwii,-c iqt)u.p:vp consists of aluminum riveted to a strip of iron. When heated, the strip will bend. Which metal will be on the outside of the curve? [Hint:zu7 ip:-cii6p)vw,di - .t giq See Table 13–1.] Why?
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6#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
In the relation $\Delta$L = $\alpha$ $L_0$ $\Delta$T, should $L_0$ be the initial length, the final length, or does it matter? Explain.
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7#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The units for the coefficient of linear expan umbaqi lb umy3erws5km480d 6 8z(q3,sion $\alpha$ are $(C?)^{-1}$ and there is no mention of a length unit such as meters. Would the expansion coefficient change if we used feet or millimeters instead of meters? Explain.
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8#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Figure 13–27 shows a diagram of a4xk vr-+;lz ok f 9-/nngd/try simple thermostat used to control a furnace (or other heating or cooling system). The bimetallic strip consists of two strips of different metals bonded together. The electric switch is a glass vessel containing liquid mercury that conducts electricity -/ lydk+xtf 4vo g- nnz9;rk/rwhen it can flow to touch both contact wires. Explain how this device controls the furnace and how it can be set at different temperatures.
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9#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Long steam pipes that are fip ewpl;-(vvgq+a*z6 umf6qqe4n o( j7xed at the ends often have a section in the shape of +6e4 ml 6qpq-gj; ov (np(a7wfq vz*uea U. Why?
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10#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A flat, uniform cylinder of x kq2l3fgc*/k.zmj (olead floats in mercury at 0 $^{\circ} $ C. Will the lead float higher or lower when the temperature is raised? Explain.
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11#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a cold mercury-in-glass thercn4jqel:audk 2 (nd zgy)3 u j95iy0j8mometer is first placed in a hot tub of water, the j e dy) 5dl(9:j3y agknn8z42uji0cq umercury initially descends a bit and then rises. Explain.
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12#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A glass container may break if one 1wjerusf6( 8upnf+ (mpart of it is heated or cooled more rapidly than adjacent 1re8f p+f( s(uu6nwmjparts. Explain.
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13#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
The principal virtue of Pyrex glass is that its coefficient of linear expansi7q*qr ott ucnt(11sln4ef6 f+on is much smaller than 1+otsqr fnl 1e7ft u*q46nc(t that for ordinary glass (Table 13–1). Explain why this gives rise to the increased heat resistance of Pyrex.

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14#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will a grandfather cloq/jx6j(i j1ow ck, accurate at 20 $^{\circ} $ C, run fast or slow on a hot day (30 $^{\circ} $ C)? Explain. The clock uses a pendulum supported on a long, thin brass rod.
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15#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Freezing a can of soda will cause its bottom and top to bulge bhu2z25 qepd1so badly the can will not stand up. What has happene2 d1hpzeqbu25 d?
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16#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
When a gas is rapidly compressed (say, by pu1m5 if:c (zzd jb ) (i. tlqvero3d20u6afvcm(shing down a piston), its temperature increases. When a gas expands against a piston, it cools. Explain these changes in temperature using the kinetic theory, in particular noting what happens to the momentum of molecules when they strike the movin fq5d:m avb63uj(i1l)e0fcco2r(z m vi( .tdzg piston.
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17#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Will the buoyant force on an aluminum s (r h;kmdltu 6*ihtysz2vun1ew4f6)0phere submerged in water increase or decrease if the temperature is inck;t nsh 1ly*4(vu dr we6 itfhm0z)26ureased from 20 $^{\circ} $ C to 40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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18#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Charles’s law follows from kinetic theory and the relationpj w*pu0 xg5/r between average kinetic energy and the absolu/*5xwu j0 ppgrte temperature.
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19#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain in words how Gay-Lussac’s law follhc2f4; z46uxr2vp c*pca8 zg;z xjxm0ows from kinetic theory.
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20#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
As you go higher in the Ea8f9-uah21ys (urni dx1r: at4h v3fv mrth’s atmosphere, the ratio of $N_2$ molecules to $O_2$ molecules increases. Why?
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21#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Escape velocity for the Earth re/sg ps) t/uc sf0k54vvfers to the minimum speed an object must have to leave the Earth and never return. The escape velocity for the Moon is about one s)k0c 4g5s/s/tfvuvp -fifth what it is for the Earth due to the Moon’s smaller mass. Explain why the Moon has practically no atmosphere.
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22#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Alcohol evaporates more qb .lvc. /f.nqkuickly than water at room temperature. What can you infer about the molecular properties of one relalfn /qc.bk .v.tive to the other?
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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why a hot humid day is far f( zgoq1wnlw-gn60)zs 6,afdmore uncomfortable than a hot dry day at the zn g-(q,w61o g as)6 nwlfzfd0same temperature.
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24#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Is it possible to boil v)2b rw: n ( mymuh,73ojj*2 tsfpj+dnwater at room temperature (20 $^{\circ} $ C) without heating it? Explain.
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25#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Consider two days when the air temperature is the same but the humidi xfow ccb7k2umny)w3 . 6s5be9ty is different. Which is morfbc mo9xuksny)w62 5cw7 .e3b e dense, the dry air or the humid air at the same T? Explain.
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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Explain why it is dangerous to open )l8qn3jki p-hthe radiator cap of an overheated automobile enginel8-ijk)3p qnh.
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27#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Why does exhaled air appear1p2g0ku 38ai s93+evflcwi wozrv3,n as a little white cloud in the winter (Fig. 13–28)?
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28#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many atoms are there in a 3.4-gram copper penny?fqtin8q nf 11g8 1hhg(4mfp:ol(pf3 zo *0lur   $ \times10^{22}$ atoms of Cu

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29#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How does the number of atoms in a 26.570k8ulq sgz *u-gram gold ring compare to the number in ak0g8 s*uuq7lz silver ring of the same mass?$N_{Au}$ =    $N_{Ag}$

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30#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  “Room temperature” is often taken to be 68°F+5 1 qivgb:jv+ qrmzf*. What is this on the Celsius scale?*5f+v+j igvq:brm q z1   $^{\circ} $ C
(b) The temperature of the filament in a lightbulb is about 1800 $^{\circ} $ C. What is this on the Fahrenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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31#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Among the highest and lowest temperatures recorded are 1ejj0x25zzv .0ea :n px36 $^{\circ} $F in the Libyan desert and -129 $^{\circ} $F in Antarctica. What are these temperatures on the Celsius scale?high =    $^{\circ} $ C
low =    $^{\circ} $ C

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32#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Celsius scale is what Fahrenheit temperature?    $^{\circ} $ F
(b) 15 $^{\circ} $ below zero on the Fahrenheit scale is what Celsius temperature?   $^{\circ} $ C

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33#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an alcohol-in-glass thermometer, the alcohol column has5va1p: 4jt ,-xsfp4unhce 0uhrl-9sf length 11.82 cm at 0.0 - 0cufxaj491tsel,hv s5 4u-nhpp:f r$^{\circ} $ C and length 22.85 cm at 100.0 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the temperature if the column has length
(a) 16.70 cm,    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) 20.50 cm?    $^{\circ} $ C

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34#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A concrete highway is built of su/l7qd( k4y 5*6pngr*mv x;.n/ byzo0 juyckqlabs 12 m long (20 $^{\circ} $ C). How wide should the expansion cracks between the slabs be (at 20 $^{\circ} $ C) to prevent buckling if the range of temperature is -30 $^{\circ} $ C to +50 $^{\circ} $ C?    m

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35#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Super Inva$^{TM}$, an alloy of iron and nickel, is a strong material with a very low coefficient of linear expansion [0.2$ \times10^{ -6}$(C?)$^{-1}$]
A 2.0-m-long tabletop made of this alloy is used for sensitive laser measurements where extremely high tolerances are required. How much will this table expand along its length if the temperature increases 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Compare to tabletops made of steel.   $ \times10^{-6 }$ m    $ \times10^{-4 }$ m

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36#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The Eiffel Tower (Fig. 13–29) is built of wrought iron approximatel;cc ) ym-of/;qk vb,tzy 300 m tall. Estimate how much its height changes between July (average tempeb)f;,cqv/co-m y;z ktrature of 25°C) and January (average temperature of 2 $^{\circ} $ C). Ignore the angles of the iron beams, and treat the tower as a vertical beam.    m

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37#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  To make a secure fit, rivets that are larger than the rivet hole ar4 6rvz +)rxu mne vh,jj0qu7*c4i*opee often used and the rivet is cooled (usually in dry ice) before it is placed in the hole. A steel rivje**)urx67h,puv4r+voq z0 icej mn4et 1.871 cm in diameter is to be placed in a hole 1.869 cm in diameter at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must the rivet be cooled if it is to fit in the hole?    $^{\circ} $ C

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38#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of water azdo2jta ,o h;0t 4 $^{\circ} $ C is $ 1\times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is water’s density at 94 $^{\circ} $ C?    kg/$m^3$

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39#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A quartz sphere is 8.75 cm in diameter. What will(fomb)ps agh94dl,pd2mo/( l be its change in volume if it is heated fr(( 4o9fga/ dmsoh),p2bpd mllom 30 $^{\circ} $ C to 200 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{ -2}cm^3$

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40#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ordinary glass is filled to the brim with 350.0 mL of water at 100.7pu e(ag vdjn zv4u0:.0$^{\circ} $ C. If the temperature decreased to 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C, how much water could be added to the glass?    mL

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41#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  It is observed that 55.50 mL of water6n,a;im7kubhd8 bo(d at 20 $^{\circ} $ C completely fills a container to the brim. When the container and the water are heated to 60 $^{\circ} $ C, 0.35 g of water is lost. (a) What is the coefficient of volume expansion of the container?    $ \times10^{-5 }$ /$C^0$(b) What is the most likely material of the container? The density of water at 60°C is 0.98324g/ml.

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42#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) A brass plug is ,f 1(e wbg+sqdv f2lq33:wmgqto be placed in a ring made of iron. At 20 $^{\circ} $ C, the diameter of the plug is 8.753 cm and that of the inside of the ring is 8.743 cm. They must both be brought to what common temperature in order to fit?    $^{\circ} $ C
(b) What if the plug were iron and the ring brass?    $^{\circ} $ C

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43#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
If a fluid is contained in a long, narrow vessel so it can expand ox.,2ur 5t0ff 20ci zjvk oke3in essentially one direction only, show that the effective coefficient of linear e0z 3 ,.f2kktieo0u2v5jfroxc xpansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of volume expansion $\beta$.
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44#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Show that the change isv )*3yi/ysga y v8wy+n the density $\rho$ of a substance, when the temperature changes by $\Delta$T is given by $\rho$ = -$\beta$$\rho$$\Delta$T
(b) What is the fractional change in density of a lead sphere whose temperature decreases from 25 $^{\circ} $ C to -40 $^{\circ} $ C?
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45#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
A uniform rectangular plate of length l and width w has coefficient of li;*h fnllij7- rnear exp7 if;l*-h jrnlansion $\alpha$ Show that, if we neglect very small quantities, the change in area of the plate due to a temperature change $\Delta$T is $\Delta$A = 2$\alpha l w$$\Delta$T See Fig. 13–30.

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46#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for an isotropitqiz8g*t(v8;d ua8y 2paqwx b); ol8 sc solid, $\beta$ = 3$\alpha$ if the amount of expansion is small. $\beta$ and $\alpha$ are the coefficients of volume and linear expansion, respectively. [Hint: Consider a cubical solid, and neglect very small quantities. See also Problem 18 and Fig. 13–30.]

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47#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The pendulum in a grandfather cl0nq k0p.4n bmyock is made of brass and keeps perfect time at 1y 4mqbp.n0kn 07 $^{\circ} $ C. How much time is gained or lost in a year if the clock is kept at 25 $^{\circ} $ C? (Assume the frequency dependence on length for a simple pendulum applies.)$\approx$    min(Round to the nearest integer)

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48#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) The tube of a mercury thermo;w 4w k+prgy:v vm5y)hmeter has an inside diameter of 0.140 mm. The bulb has a volume of 0.25ypr)wgw h:kyvvm4 +; 55 $cm^3$ How far will the thread of mercury move when the temperature changes from 11.5 $^{\circ} $ C to 33.0 $^{\circ} $ C? Take into account expansion of the Pyrex glass.    cm(b) Determine a formula for the length of the mercury column in terms of relevant variables. Ignore tube volume compared to bulb volume.

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49#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 23.4-kg solid alumin hy1/rjql6c7fg-k5x x0 /nakdum cylindrical wheel of radius 0.41 m is rotating about its axle on frictionless bearings with ankyl7jc /a 0fr-kqd1n xxh5/6ggular velocity $\omega$ = 32.8 rad/s If its temperature is now raised from 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C to 75.0 $^{\circ} $ C, what is the fractional change in $\omega$?   

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50#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An aluminum bar has the desz,e ix o0n5vf7t ub**wired length when at 15°C. How much stress is required tof5e7bvwni0z*xt u, o* keep it at this length if the temperature increases to 35 $^{\circ} $ C?    $ \times10^{7 }$ N/$m^2$

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51#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) A horizontal steel I-beam of cross-sectional ab0fcd v, k3+v*q svp2mrea 0.041$m^2$ is rigidly connected to two vertical steel girders. If the beam was installed when the temperature was 30$^{\circ} $ C, what stress is developed in the beam when the temperature drops to -30 $^{\circ} $ C (b) Is the ultimate strength of the steel exceeded? (c) What stress is developed if the beam is concrete and has a cross-sectional area of 0.13$m^2$ Will it fracture?
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52#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A barrel of diameter 1348sog2su: *. qxhqmt8l.122 cm at 20$^{\circ} $ C is to be enclosed by an iron band. The circular band has an inside diameter of 134.110 cm at 20$^{\circ} $ C. It is 7.4 cm wide and 0.65 cm thick.
(a) To what temperature must the band be heated so that it will fit over the barrel? $\approx$   $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)
(b) What will be the tension in the band when it cools to 20$^{\circ} $ C?    N

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53#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What are the following temperatures on the Kel)ci;gi :gned1 vin scale:
(a) 86$^{\circ} $ C,    K
(b) 78$^{\circ} $F,    K
(c) -100$^{\circ} $C    K
(d) 5500°C,    K
(e) -459$^{\circ} $F    K

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54#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Absolute zero is whatnxgtv:jyk 1un z34,kri+77nx temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?    $^{\circ} $ F

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55#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Typical temperatures in the interior of th vc)94jg spn 8i.usq/he Earth and Sun are about 4000$^{\circ} $ C and $ \times10^{6 }$ $^{\circ} $ C respectively.
(a) What are these temperatures in kelvins?    K    $ \times10^{ 6}$K
(b) What percent error is made in each case if a person forgets to change $^{\circ} $ C to K? $\approx$    %(Round to the nearest integer) $\approx$    %(Round to three decimal places)

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56#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 3 $m^2$ of a gas initially at STP is placed under a pressure of 3.20 atm, the temperature of the gas rises to 38.0$^{\circ} $ C. What is the volume?    $m^3$

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57#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an internal combustion engine, aidx. -0tbjjag-t+ , x;w jzj+zbr at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of ab,- jz;j0bt xdbwgj+ z-xj a.t+out 20$^{\circ} $C is compressed in the cylinder by a piston to $\frac{1}{9}$ of its original volume (compression ratio = 9.0). Estimate the temperature of the compressed air, assuming the pressure reaches 40 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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58#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the density of oxygen at STP b0 5dn2gmaje:5shqp)yw 7nk5 vqy*m+using the ideal gas law.    kg/$m^3$

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59#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank contains dx ;1j s6bhn,2y,ahqn i8km.f 21.6 kg of nitrogen ($N_2$) at an absolute pressure of 3.65 atm. What will the pressure be if the nitrogen is replaced by an equal mass of $CO_2$    atm

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60#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A storage tank at STPixuq 0q9uk mgv01lw+ ,kd)e y( contains 18.5 kg of nitrogen ($N_2$)
(a) What is the volume of the tank? $\approx$   $m^3$(“Round to one decimal places)
(b) What is the pressure if an additional 15.0 kg of nitrogen is added without changing the temperature?    $ \times10^{5 }$Pa    atm

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61#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 18.75 mol of helium gas is at 10,l ;t.,*k(cmqmdx hjo.0$^{\circ} $C and a gauge pressure of 0.350 atm, (a) calculate the volume of the helium gas under these conditions.    $m^3$
(b) Calculate the temperature if the gas is compressed to precisely half the volume at a gauge pressure of 1.00 atm.    $^{\circ} $ C

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62#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the pressure inside a 35.0-L container holdie;s .ic c-c:/uaj)jxt0+ou tf ng 105.0 kg of argon gas at 385 K?s ft x+:0ecu-; o./t)acjcuij   $ \times10^{ 8}$Pa

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63#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tank contains 26.0 t.zpix 3t(v (kkg of $O_2$ gas at a gauge pressure of 8.70 atm. If the oxygen is replaced by helium, how many kilograms of the latter will be needed to produce a gauge pressure of 7.00 atm?    kg He

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64#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A hot-air balloon achieves its buoyant lift by heating the air inp 7om3d/x k-15g vso6gictl *uside the balloon, which makes itx v1mo7 d3u*g/k5cgl- 6o ipst less dense than the air outside. Suppose the volume of a balloon is 1800 $m^3$ and the required lift is 2700 N (rough estimate of the weight of the equipment and passenger). Calculate the temperature of the air inside the balloon which will produce the required lift. Assume that the outside air temperature is 0 $^{\circ} $ C and that air is an ideal gas under these conditions. What factors limit the maximum altitude attainable by this method for a given load? (Neglect variables like wind.) $\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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65#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A tire is filled with air n)7bigz/6f x35d( / pxdvcim kv*y1iwat 15 $^{\circ} $ C to a gauge pressure of 220 kPa. If the tire reaches a temperature of 38 $^{\circ} $ C, what fraction of the original air must be removed if the original pressure of 220 kPa is to be maintained?    %

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66#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If 61.5 L of oxygen atuen5+ugm y)x - 5gbwii67iom8 18.0 $^{\circ} $ C and an absolute pressure of 2.45 atm are compressed to 48.8 L and at the same time the temperature is raised to 50.0°C, what will the new pressure be?    atm

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67#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A helium-filled balloon escapes a child’s hand at b ux l.-x9g,5mw 7qwwosea level and 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C. When it reaches an altitude of 3000 m, where the temperature is 5.0 $^{\circ} $ C and the pressure is only 0.70 atm, how will its volume compare to that at sea level?    times the original volume

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68#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the number of molecug;92r1kfhb9:pf )xbgvt+og ud-o k8n (r/blyles / $m^3$ in an ideal gas at STP.    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules /$m^3$

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69#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  How many moles of water are there in 1.0,v q9v qp9sfm;00 L? How many molecules?    mol    $ \times10^{25 }$ molecules

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70#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of (/d*d3/tmy)i fperk7 n v.+gvea) moles,    $ \times10^{22 }$ moles and (b) molecules of water in all the Earth’s oceans. Assume water covers 75% of the Earth to an average depth of 3 km. $\approx$    $ \times10^{46 }$ molecules

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71#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A cubic box of volume 5.okim+,is 4; gunf ja;r:e.*cl 1$ \times10^{ -2}m^3$ is filled with air at atmospheric pressure at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. The box is closed and heated to 180 $^{\circ} $ C. What is the net force on each side of the box?    N

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72#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate how many molecules of air are in each 2.0- 8u;6lp.dgr4s o.my l 9kaet59mdd 2juL breath you inhale that were also in the last breath Galileo took. [Hint: rpdk 6d.;ual2 t.ymlje95 um9o4sg8 dAssume the atmosphere is about 10 km high and of constant density.]   $\frac{molecules}{breath}$

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73#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) What is the average translatv 1awskuy;0 u+ional kinetic energy of an oxygen molecule at STP?;u yw 10avks+u    $ \times10^{-21 }$ J
(b) What is the total translational kinetic energy of 2.0 mol of $O_2$ molecules at 20 $^{\circ} $ C?   $ \times10^{3 }$ J

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74#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the rms speed of helium atoms near the surface of the Sun at a +ch.y04upxw j,yegcjzc w3 05temperature wpe5jcc.4x0chzy u g yw3j,0+of about 6000 K.    m/s

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75#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  By what factor will the rms speed of gas molecules increase i2rfp s9)3xev: :cgx eof the temperature is increased fpg ee)ox3: f c:x9vsr2rom 0 $^{\circ} $ C to 100 $^{\circ} $ C?   

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76#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is at 20 $^{\circ} $ C. To what temperature must it be raised to double the rms speed of its molecules?    $^{\circ} $ C

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77#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Twelve molecules have the following speeds,v i9szp, utmryfp ,8(7 given in units of km/s: 6, 2, 4, 6, 0, y vispp,u, (7ft9zm8r 4, 1, 8, 5, 3, 7, and 8. Calculate the rms speed. $v_{rms}$ =    km/s

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78#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The rms speed of molecules in a gasc. a* lovt v/ pssl(2za67 a2oyy(4wpy at 20.0 $^{\circ} $ C is to be increased by 1.0%. To what temperature must it be raised?    $^{\circ} $ C

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79#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the pressure of a gava:y b2jg;ozw32edb 4s is doubled while its volume is held constant, by what factor o b2yaj3 gve:4bw2z d;does $v_{rms}$ change?   

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80#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the rms speed of mh;4sf cw*id6g olecules in a gas is given by $v_{rms}$ = $\sqrt{3P\\rho}$ where P is the pressure in the gas, and $\rho$ is the gas density.
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81#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that for a mixture of two x +ro*bz cxiq0:qpwuymg/ )0/gases at the same temperature, the ratio of their rms speeds is equal to the inverse ratio of the square roots of their molecular magr ic/ /+yomz0u)xp0 :bx*wqqsses.
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82#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nitrogen moluz,sgn31ql4 ) zasg v;ecules contained in an 8.5$-m^3$ volume at 2.1 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1300 mol?    m/s

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83#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate (a) the rms speed of an oxygen molecule at /ye2,b r . 6zclytwqf hie;u240 $^{\circ} $ C    m/s
(b) determine how many times per second it would move back and forth across a 7.0-m-long room on the average, assuming it made very few collisions with other molecules.    round trips per sec

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84#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the average distance between nitrogen molecules at55-cxru5x gfx STP?    $ \times10^{-9 }$m

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85#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  (a) Estimate the rms speed ha*1p k,wk7,exaerg /atgs ow79 f1 )eof an amino acid whose molecular mass is 89 u in a living xgge ae*1,)w,ta erk17 oh9pk7 wafs /cell at 37 $^{\circ} $ C.    m/s
(b) What would be the rms speed of a protein of molecular mass 50,000 u at 37 $^{\circ} $ C?    m/s

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86#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Show that the pressure P of a nmudkh(g588zw m5s:cm40qmr gas can be written P = $\frac(1)(3)\rho v^2$ where $\rho$ is the density of the gas and v is the rms speed of the molecules.
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87#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The two isotopes of 4yg2):vsimuc(zx.e0y u*htd6y :jf furanium, $^{235}$U and $^{238}$U (the superscripts refer to their atomic mass), can be separated by a gas-diffusion process by combining them with fluorine to make the gaseous compound UF$_6$ Calculate the ratio of the rms speeds of these molecules for the two isotopes, at constant T.   

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88#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) At atmospheric pressure, in w6l eb-n yr1tr92;wbc bhat phases can $CO_2$ exist? (b) For what range of pressures and temperatures can $CO_2$ be a liquid? Refer to Fig. 13–21.
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89#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Water is in which phase wh ,kr7 rtf36a+mwno7mien the pressure is 0.01 atm and the temperature is (a)k7+m3 n fwt7mra, 6ori 90 $^{\circ} $ C, (b) -20 $^{\circ} $ C.
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90#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the dew point (approximately) if tunp 1h1 07/bd.watdmghe humidity is 50% on a day when the tew0mta7 u/hn 1.d1pdgb mperature is 25 $^{\circ} $ C?$\approx$    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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91#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the air pressure at a place whvy ky.uktnz/1h. nb,tf/rz)1 ere water boils at 90 $^{\circ} $ C?    torr    Pa    atm

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92#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the air pressure at a particular place in the mountains is 0.72 atm, estimatef 3 0;h3k8slpdt*t xyp the temperature at whichykl3t0 ;*p8 st3hfd xp water boils. $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C

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93#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the temperature on a day when the partial pressure of water kf.q(p81qo79ch i k)dwy -.p rv (rjlxis 530 Pa and the relatiq-h p9r8cdk( 1j. k(o 7wvx.rfl)yi pqve humidity is 40%? $\approx$ =    $^{\circ} $ C(Round to the nearest integer)

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94#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the partial pressure of water one *0o8it e:apdbn) f*j a day when the temperature is 25 $^{\circ} $ C and the relative humidity is 35%?    Pa

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95#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the approximate pressure inside a pressure cooker if the w 7(gh:+ 8f, zjn:esbnvqkjc;cater is boiling at a tempee g:vz h (7n;bcnjq,fsjkc :+8rature of 120 $^{\circ} $ C? Assume no air escaped during the heating process, which started at 20 $^{\circ} $ C.    atm

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96#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the humidity in a room of volp.y3u,8cqjoy:ccp d, ume 680$m^3$ at 25 $^{\circ} $ C is 80%, what mass of water can still evaporate from an open pan?    kg

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97#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Air that is at its dew point of u77* z qpreck4)o8xtx nvj8*m5 $^{\circ} $ C is drawn into a building where it is heated to 25. What will be the relative humidity at this temperature? Assume constant pressure of 1.0 atm. Take into account the expansion of the air.    %

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98#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the time neededf0w)/q gwj0gb b9so6 e for a glycine molecule (see Table 13–4) to diffuse a distance os)qowfg9ej b b/60g0wf 15 $\mu m$ in water at 20$^{\circ} $ C if its concentration varies over that distance from 1 mol/$m^3$ to 0.4 mol/$m^3$ Compare this “speed” to its rms (thermal) speed. The molecular mass of glycine is about 75 u. t $\approx$    s ([color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85)]Round to one decimal places) $v_{diffuse}$    $ \times10^{ -5}$ m/s
$v_{rms}$    m/s


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99#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Oxygen diffuses from the surfavc oa40 lmzq-7ce of insects to the interior through tiny tubes called tracheae. An average trachea is about 2 mm long and ha7cz0o4m -lvqa s cross-sectional area of $ 2\times10^{-9 } m^2$ Assuming the concentration of oxygen inside is half what it is outside in the atmosphere,
(a) show that the concentration of oxygen in the air (assume 21% is oxygen) at 20$^{\circ} $ C is about 8.7 mol/$m^3$ then $\approx$    mol/$m^3$(Round to one decimal places)
(b) calculate the diffusion rate J,    $ \times10^{-11 }$ mol/s
(c) estimate the average time for a molecule to diffuse in. Assume the diffusion constant is $ 1\times10^{-5 } m^2/s$    s

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100#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape meas ( 3gp frui(o7biow/z/ure has been calibrated at 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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101#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A precise steel tape 7x:cm pdu.ff.measure has been calibrated at 20$^{\circ} $C. At 34$^{\circ} $C,
(a) will it read high or low,
(b) what will be the percentage error?    $ \times10^{-4 }$ %

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102#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Pyrex measuring cup was calibrated at normal room temperature. How m*/ ;828addekkc7 yckt qq yuf6uch error will be made in a recipe calling for 300 mL of cool water, if the water and the cup are hocykdq u7kay;qkf 8c/2* 86tedt, at 80$^{\circ} $C, instead of at 20$^{\circ} $C? Neglect the glass expansion.$\approx$    ml

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103#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The gauge pressure ilpk 1a 41o0hrp4kfb 6k7eaet (n a helium gas cylinder is initially 28 atm. After many balloons have been blown up, the gauge pressure has decreased to 5 atm. What fraction of the original gas remains in the cylinderbpa4rk ol0efka1k h(7 16p4te?   

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104#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the number of air molecules in a room ofttxv4b18 h y2j5x)seiqh 0s5 t length 6.5 m, width 3.1 m, and height 2.5 m. Assume the tbs xi5yq2t ev0h8stxjh1 5t )4emperature is 22$^{\circ} $C. How many moles does that correspond to?    $\times10^{27 }$ molecules    moles

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105#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In outer space the density of matter is about onzhv*f a0i pcmug1ap 90 r1.c6pe atom per $cm^3$ mainly hydrogen atoms, and the temperature is about 2.7 K. Calculate the rms speed of these hydrogen atoms, and the pressure (in atmospheres).$v_{rms}$ =    m/s    $ \times10^{-22 }$ atm

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106#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The lowest pressure attain bujw,h 9z.nu1able using the best available vacuum techniques is abo ,zj h1.wunub9ut $10^{-12} N/m^2$ At such a pressure, how many molecules are there per $cm^3$ at 0$^{\circ} $C?    $\frac{molecules}{cm^3}$

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107#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a scuba diver fills his lungs to full c*qg l,olu f/2msv j,c *q89sshapacity of 5.5 L when 10 m below the surface, tos vl sou,sqm,h2 jfg/*8lqc9* what volume would his lungs expand if he quickly rose to the surface? Is this advisable?    L

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108#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A space vehicle returning from the Moon enters Earth’s at9w uvv2(fofq 2g)uve;mosphere at a speed of about 40,000 km/h Molecules (assume nitrogen) striking the nose of the vehicle with this speed corresw)gvvu(o 9fu qe2f2v ;pond to what temperature? (Because of this high temperature, the nose of a space vehicle must be made of special materials; indeed, part of it does vaporize, and this is seen as a bright blaze upon reentry.)    K

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109#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The temperature of an ideal gas is l9qd /qb 1aiygr/2q0p h 7p2tgincreased from 110$^{\circ} $C to 360$^{\circ} $C while the volume and the number of moles stay constant. By what factor does the pressure change? By what factor does $v_{rms}$ change?$\frac{P_2}{P_1}$ =    $\frac{(v_{rms})_2}{(v_{rms})_1}$ =   

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110#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A house has a volume4rs1,e;o oxfya8 xvr+ of 770m$^2$ (a) What is the total mass of air inside the house at 20$^{\circ} $C?    kg
(b) If the temperature drops to -10$^{\circ} $C what mass of air enters or leaves the house?    kg

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111#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  From the known value of atmospheric pre-dn-d8vzdilh,) z v2essure at the surface of the Earth, estimate the total number of air moleculzd8ln2dzdhvi)- ,- e ves in the Earth’s atmosphere.    $ \times10^{44 }$ molecules

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112#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the rms speed of nitnq l9 u26jj8 xek3xhk. b9cd*frogen molecules contained in a 7.6$-m^3$ volume at 4.2 atm if the total amount of nitrogen is 1800 mol?    m/s

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113#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A standard cylinder of oxygen used in a hospital has gauge pressure = l7n: m e6et4zqdvda,/ 2000 psi (13,800 kPa) and at T = 259K How long will the cylinder last if the flow rate, measured at atmo4 m:7z ldeav/,tq6den spheric pressure, is constant at 2.4 L/min. $\approx$    hour

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114#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An iron cube floats in a bo h: s3- ,7*gbhanfw9yu2imssgwl of liquid mercury at 0$^{\circ} $C. (a) If the temperature is raised to 25$^{\circ} $C, will the cube float higher or lower in the mercury? 
(b) By what percent will the fraction of volume submerged change?    %

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115#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The density of gasoline at +w6 h zrq6b /ekcb3v57 f+8bjted iwe/;m.y iv0$^{\circ} $C is 0.68$ \times10^{3 }kg/m^3$ What is the density on a hot day, when the temperature is 38$^{\circ} $C?    kg/$m^3$
What is the percentage change?    %

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116#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If a steel band were to fit 8 )pgpb *8baea hawnu )8zq+l39siql5snugly around the Earth’s equator at 25$^{\circ} $C, but then was heated to 45$^{\circ} $C, how high above the Earth would the band be (assume equal everywhere)?    m

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117#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A brass lid screws tightly onto a glass jar afeuc* fhd dvfcpi9s*-a:g24*t 20$^{\circ} $C. To help open the jar, it can be placed into a bath of hot water. After this treatment, the temperatures of the lid and the jar are both 60$^{\circ} $C. The inside diameter of the lid is 8.0 cm at 20$^{\circ} $C. Find the size of the gap (difference in radius) that develops by this procedure.    cm

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118#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The first length standard, adopov4c2ghs+siu p7o sh 8s;r r46ted in the 18$^{th}$ century, was a platinum bar with two very fine marks separated by what was defined to be exactly 1 m. If this standard bar was to be accurate to within $\pm1.0 \mu m$ how carefully would the trustees have needed to control the temperature? The coefficient of linear expansion for platinum is $ 9\times10^{ -6}C/^{-1}$. $\pm$ =    C$^{\circ} $

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119#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba tank, when fully charged, has a pressure of 195 atm 0wp: juth/.ui:ro. fdat 20$^{\circ} $C. The volume of the tank is 11.3 L.
(a) What would the volume of the air be at 1.00 atm and at the same temperature?    L
(b) Before entering the water, a person consumes 2.0 L of air in each breath, and breathes 12 times a minute. At this rate, how long would the tank last?    min
(c) At a depth of 20.0 m of sea water and temperature of 10$^{\circ} $C, how long would the same tank last assuming the breathing rate does not change?    min

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120#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The escape speed fromwz2i 55xzh j+m the Earth is $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$ so a gas molecule travelling away from Earth near the outer boundary of the Earth’s atmosphere would, at this speed, be able to escape from the Earth’s gravitational field. At what temperature is the average speed of
(a) oxygen molecules,    $ \times10^{5 }$K
(b) helium atoms equal to $ 1.12\times10^{4 } m/s$    $ \times10^{4}$K
(c) Can you see why our atmosphere contains oxygen but not helium?

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121#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A 1.0-kg trash-can lid is susp 0.)nduxk2zqo ended against gravity by tennis balls thrown vertically upward at it. How many tennis balls per second must rebound from the lid elastically, assuming they have a mass of 0.060 kg qnozdk) u0 x.2and are thrown at 12m/s   balls/s

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122#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A scuba diver releases a 3.00-cm-diameter (spherical) bubble of air from w m edhe/q7o.g(k *s-ya depth of 14.0 m in a lake. Assume the temperature is constant at 298 K, and the air behaves as a perfect gas. How large is the bubble whenehy g-/we7k ( msq.*do it reaches the surface?    cm

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123#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Calculate the total water vapor pressur6svg j ur;idfmf1lg7b8 /g;uhl ee:qz+ kb578e in the air on the following two days: 58qlsh7 fk;g7 jvfrbmiue/eg8:zd +b6;1ugl
(a) a hot summer day, with the temperature 30$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 40%;    Pa
(b) a cold winter day, with the temperature 5$^{\circ} $C and the relative humidity at 80%.    Pa

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124#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A sauna has 7$m^3$ of air volume, and the temperature is 90$^{\circ} $C. The air is perfectly dry. How much water (in kg) should be evaporated if we want to increase the relative humidity from 0% to 10%? (See Table 13–3.)    kg


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125#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Estimate the percent difference in the density of iron at STP, and+;r 2p3dqmdo5l hb7ii4ht m:y when it is a solid deep in the Earth where p;hmbt3mr7 2ih4:doyiq dl5+the temperature is 2000$^{\circ} $C and under 5000 atm of pressure. Assume the bulk modulus (90$\times 10^9N/m^2$) and the coefficient of volume expansion do not vary with temperature and are the same as at STP.    %  

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126#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
(a) Use the ideal gas law to show that, for an iddj(dm 1)8b/frun.u7c, yo)h4blfxg qeal gas at constant pressure, the coefficient of fb7fu(q4ujcby8 rh d,gl /.1))nmdxo volume expansion is equal to $\beta$ = 1/T where T is the temperature in kelvins. Compare to Table 13–1 for gases at T = 293K (b) Show that the bulk modulus (Section 9–5) for an ideal gas held at constant temperature is B = P where P is the pressure.
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127#
 
填空题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In humid climates, people constantly dehumidify their cellarsr cgq.x+eru4 5r2ts z:7rn6si to prevent rot and r.c r7:n r2 sgt+ex5sqz6r4uimildew. If the cellar in a house (kept at 20$^{\circ} $C) has 95 $m^2$ of floor space and a ceiling height of 2.8 m, what is the mass of water that must be removed from it to drop the humidity from 95% to a more reasonable 30%?    kg

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