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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph 2h8rzu8k*o)c4 umv p2 bkegs0c q- m)qis an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal processz4tzb6mqqn4w)w17t m, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynazl fn qew,.,,iku*f m7460: cohlfueomics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperat)v9wnaxwt* z* nwj1 ieet:c31ure. This p *1wn3a t)*e9zcej:ixn wv w1trocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L toohgy 9 (0uto4ff(wh*f 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is e oh(9wf*uo h0yft g4f(xpended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an igt+5 i2p jdgcjt72.j mq,jfu7sothermal process. The final pressure of the j.tjtgp7+ 5fc miq 7u g,2j2jdgas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this proces brft4 rvw9jh+ hm37x-s, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the followirjbt f -x47mh+h r3wv9ng statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressedz,xkc emlx(y)iah/9 +cr6 :c c in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings.( c)i/mx hk+,6za er:lxyc cc9 This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamii6sp)y5) zyj. qtq de3cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is4 f p0(ly*zxlh compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic p x z4ly0f*l(hprocess. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identicdoxw7hq0am5nvi3f;gtw w7ur/gu 4 v6*1o ay*al in all respects except that one containsuwwywq 371vha ran6d 4*ot0igumo 5fgx/*v;7 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ex 6e+ 0tucmz:bhcept that one contains h06tm ub:ze+c $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onbsola.b 2r kiv(; +4as,nhps9 the PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, th1q8w skn/oij*ere is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynaffe5vf97oe- qmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as hmjn- .2ze)f+dlvx9lp eat is added to it. This pr)dl- 9.z efxln+j2 vpmocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tran:ww;n zo,ohe/d++ x jmsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gaw+/n;,d zmeooh +x:jw s

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on 1.sl0ygg(yayhi9(. byo lv4o the PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there 3sp8ooopux* +is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics6vu;3 my x kv96k)prab, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy i m6(dl,kxy6 pvs added to iplk 6,6dx ym(vt. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy ci d6(u x;sb*x) m8itm-b3na bare transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the;)imx( cu3*tm -bb6i bxn8 ads gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law off-8u y +obpvjvn4es)- thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to iw.ubn 6 )yc-mp iqv4g2uk2bxz a2-:h a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a coou 9ao 4fd58hnld reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clau66jrlf5iz 5wpsius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During 1 x4le0k:sspe one cycle, how much work lxs0ke: s4pe1 is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as tyi6utng a/r4b-riu x5*ajp6ghq;a4 5 he ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of :b 6am/ uhi)a(x)dp -y knnbd;a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bex m-upba ;dn6bd/(hi k)y)a:n

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistshz+yk 4 .w6xnm of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the seco6nn;*jw0.8ipc4f /: mlz:megevm okwec9 kg. nd law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeratoryw: c3l;lgm ,,eegz7f is defined as the ratio ofwecmf,g l:3,ygzl;7 e

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of bsok 5ygo +kbf)d*5+b

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, th/ /a9 t:jvr)qa))dbk)nqab kle entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur 8) pxd2pu99t d.6+2ub:itdklksab ud within an isolated system, which one of the choices appx+kup bl2pt9:.d9k ad ub68dt 2udsi)lies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the+lrk 96as ain, tt.w/k second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodyldqi:id7; e4 4*d xchz 7duc./oqjt(rnamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whateo()0 o(+8gtz);zdl fkbtneu is the change in internal energun t; )zol8fz(t0 eeb(dg)+ok y?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. 1u uxym 7eiqso7z7lh9+u/:mx What is the wl zqmuuxs1:9x+ ymoe77hu7/i ork done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process:; 9a kjltqeb) is -400 J. What is the change in in;)eqjl:tb k9aternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is therb7n-zwn344s9 c wh (kw7j yoo change in internaj3y947z4ws nor-c (h7nw bk owl energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Whzy- n ktxub15xfdai1x+g6,6 zat is the change in nz d+1x gz-6kbxf5iy6at ,ux1internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syst0 ohq yvrc(e(s76 1hqyem decreases by 50 J. What7ycqh1(oeqvy s h0 (6r is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wh.8az;sr+p 2 ls 9jb.6ybnzz xkat is the heat exchangelzx. 8z 2sy6ra; sb9bn+j p.zk?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as ith s n+p-u 1(n-g(p5bg ce t1yzjy ls:qf:0eg9u is cooled by 50 K. This festby95qjlz10n1p::p -su-gghne f ( (cye gu+at is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant4x5)tn7 0pkj*zf0iokg+oe 6+m9euc ysj hi t8 volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. tc+g0et4iz umhpejy7i k +50fj*)xok on96s8How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg*z86rujt6 fbby * c4ye of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whaw).p3/lv1 3bndyas udt is thed )1/3yw bd3va .lpnsu efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle.w7xd*f;a1.ajay2 hc l How much work does it perform in edlaj;fayx . *2 ha71cwach cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rece*00p l-z* khdryefo+kives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhausd elk +opz*f y*k-0r0ht in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kc6. ixccx *kwo*al of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate thexxcwoc.* i6 *k efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eacup*e . ,*bdpczh cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done d*.z,u*ppebc each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristican-pq0n/ d6v5busa qj k p7y5-0 faq0ps: combustion cha0kyqp07qa5ds5fnn6 / - qj-paa 0bvpumber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the ws:g0yf.npi-r0t / kvhcyb, w.:xu2nfollowing characteristics: coh:cs0w., .nfn y2 rtp iub0gky: w/-vxmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following char/0bgy t d9m3lyacteristics: combustion chamber tempey0t g3 y/d9lmbrature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric wjyt .-,t *e 8omz,gclpower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates r* idtrc+x 1c.600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thevty t: nqp5 vwrf856l. plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency oimb+m. (zqz;,dtk4 eyft nhpx*r6l 86f an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betw88jx svq h(kz fi0o:o2eexo0(8 o8jqis:zh 2fvkn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. W vwl6;b0 o7u. 5meyvrdhat is the temperature of the cold reser.ylb v6rume57 do0 wv;voir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinto+ i-sd v9w1gg between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes hewpa *kh:f;zzgjt *; gpuvo8;, at from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cgfovpz :;*8z kjap*wgh,; t u;ycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJo epjpc ) nb1xy:jw nc.z58j:7 and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coe cc):n7b5ow:1njj y8zp.x p ejfficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from themr hnb /8b :,(gl aw, 7 u*bqsjjgome164vs.xl freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much/v,6.b*qboxbrjsju:e,4 g l7lmg h 8ma(1s wn work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g ofmm:f ml/.2p 1v mxi*uf2v .bmy ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the ch7z1 ul4k4nr 8h a+nczmange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its evqw17fc,(vz gp4m0 e4vn :unqntropezc4v n g0vqfuv pwqm(n14:7,y changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at g3p +mf3aa u0k$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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