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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V gra2qbm/.f1gb r 6tpl1kpph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process,/;0fsdc 3rhu k there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynanvj78:pj0vyt a hwp o,46 mk(ymics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to tgablpy h561; tb qg6bb) 7ij;vwice its original volume with no change in its temperature. This processavbqpb;tgh j7b61b ;)gil y56 is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressedf kc3*bryjd/q2ehen0f 5 d +4k isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that com yfn5q*dec4 /+h2d0fj 3rkk bepressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origin:b9ravwx-sem.; hut2 al volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of theum 29:r-tv;hx sa.b we gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from5 5zqu:lvgbta 7 sh2a1 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is7 : 2altuvh5baszg51q correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an if1 omik2,dc8zi *+v 37ef wjpdsolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process2 *kei8 vci3dw fpz dfj+,7mo1 is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the do -m rqz0aa)*7 5bpiwrc9mn8rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed tf- *:e 8olwa:m:okljo qh f-y9o one-half its original volume during an ad:y-ljml af:9:ok8eh*f- qowoiabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identicalnu-3 kb0v e*ng in all respects except that one containskn3n 0be*-vug $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one con3,a/ui c9bc4w*q3w9fe xb8ke mnqd) itains qb we9fxc 83*ndw/)b 9q3 4,ki iecmau$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV7yn- jy- did sya5g5kgyd+19x diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no w zy boc4)u8v1(4faxs change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody3 k1d*ws9)yqct) miuz namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heats*89o g)g zrss is added to it. This process g* ss gsr9oz8)is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a 04 ef+fbuo6y ;hiiu( rsample of ideal gas at constant p; h +obriiu e0u6(f4fyressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PVaeg)mqh u:-f0 diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procc+ yijj-6d hq6i16 9u 6fmcuoxess, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn14)*+udjam c6 vuhb i. qftdx+amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid co pbudum* 9hn:,4:hwnz ntainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proces:: *umhnz 9,dwupnhb4s is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal. 7zk7wx i4pev gas at constant volume. As a re.i7zx4w p7v kesult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamicss8rvm 6 h2fazxkw ziyz -fn34pt7.3 +d.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot resemk. f 9dfgppd391y6x srvoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hos eej1tkanlm07b :20d t reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius.jreg3y.k;oma46;3wj1f+n s r0 hwc hf
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle i94 5 o9rj hi f/np*9evpsj ten3z8 :nw7w9zvekllustrated here. During one cycle, how much work e p9t9sfe:o9nnzpw3zj e*7j 9wk 8vr4hniv/5 is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio kvxae)qu0cr-g7 .s+zi9f- zdof

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is t+ (2ek h(lyhn7fwilc fk -9:tao be 100%, the heat sink mui khhekw2f(fy (7 aln cl-t+:9st be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists od3l9s;jcj d) nah6oy. f

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law 3 h(6 w 5i+zmxs8spmk3 supb9tof thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a gefozpa l2;;y/s. 9xn refrigerator is defined as the ratio oe2l;g9y/n;p ao sxf .zf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is d ctgt/)g4ds,llf me18 efined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, tt k3,k8hpw:jghe entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second ly+qc+mamp5 1k aw of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within ymp51mq++cak an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement o /erqx.,fau+mf the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodyg2lh f6w (l1j3mkahl +namics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is 7 elk 1k5ukn tck+/hj 0zfk4+fremoved from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energ+z n l45kjchkf71f+tkkk0 / euy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal pbqs)e0*5t)mr54uf + 7gd; ommmny i ddrocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What 5g0dm tm b;)fudr )y+5m esdq nmi47o*is the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal procesiy8re -dlj i5mefcp 6+2nkrt ;7vx 4;os is -400 J. What is the change in-exrconj2d ytiv+845m r f;k; pl76ie internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What xi usk.*4ciu3/*n qaa is the change in internal energy of cuqix*nk as.34a*/iu the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J sxyvq;1er+/viv 8 t(xof work. What is the change in 1sexvx(tv y+/r; qv i8internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of e y71e)vail4ka system decreases by 50 J. What is the wo7ea14y i v)kelrk done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the tgod+ -wm 1oc6internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What id o6t 1+moc-gws the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constaj ,r :(p nv.z5lbvwj2rnt volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gavzn2:p5rrbv( ljw ,.j s?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume wtxe382hw3vo lhen 831 J of energy is removed from e3ovt8lh 2x 3wit. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of waterlg9iqk(5o +7ok4sjxu at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 30sa11a4( ov vf2/pshc; ya0qsc 00 J in each cycle. What is thc1;sa0f a 41q2(y/vhasovc spe efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receino0d3kb:aw, ci3l c d hzh7*c-ves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much cnh d07cai l d:,w *c-3z3bokhwork does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency ,arge0 br;dz ,of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat do drrg;e,,zab 0es it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each czwe yol*fus4k o::d-;ycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the effic-u ;:o4:lyds wk of*zeiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exe f 3o 4ay;g8hv9r*tsp+n7vb, j-zx adhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work dozov9y;*pv be38r4 t+xahjf ,-sgn7dane each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient enginesvx s4:)0du ncbdvg) 9s built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature vs0vbn g:)4d dxs9c u)= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient enginesd:;w8xq8 sz gx8r vmbhgh2ot q0v4 .p* built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chz bgpv*xqtw8d smg2 . o80:vrhq4x; 8hamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charasck-dq2 qw53bg)a8wn +hs pa- cteristics: combh a2-3)ws b8p + ca5-kqnwsqdgustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thexh fc.upkpi:4yna 6vv y 83:0d plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electram: t*.4, mu8c:uvwf pbfsm,iic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant g.e(*st xq vb.; hi* vpma2cb8uenerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betweenlvb4,;vbe: w u $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum t5xkjoxoo52l *j ,g6o+u mnc5kheoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betw 5o+jmlc5ok* ok x ju2x6no5,geen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperyy+m, peww 5t 51k2pfyature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of tht y5p+ pe1yww5,fyk 2me hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between *pnmmkg d* 4np 6 tj;t62/cxfe$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ra 5j7)a yf v*)fphlbx,xte of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is requireda 5fxjfp)vxh, bl *7)y in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from k+,4zc;a5jw kbzwsg:qg9-ybwvv9 8sthe freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is t:v,c+gkb8swzjyv99 5 zgwbsa k;4qw- he coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat uef* qujzhk;8s)8v,2b evo5efrom the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required fzhv;ue 8)k5veuo 2 8s*,j eqbin each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice me-r9ie /yhfws6el h7g)2i 5kgq lt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrop- io.33dz3 dd5j wbkgoy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its ent*bgk pq9eo/b) */uu xlropy changeqb9gkb/) *le/u xo*ups by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at zdr.k00+l dhqmqey; 8p q+n0g$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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