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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is vxlkew:4jv01 an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is b9wfnrl+d14t.yrrv3;p a- tg no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic ck1) mjmg*:i mlg,u4 yix3gw-s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its originalct4q /9,oy;ccbt h3hi volume with no change in its temperature. This tit/oyh3 4,chc;qcb9 process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L.su d z)r.(/vske-0)p :f favqs During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the vqr)0fu-.dss:s p( a/ )f kvzegas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durij, ,4d4r4nbak hj :qcyz u:65aglr/s nng an isothermal process. The final pressure of tjrh,un4::/ 46 s4cj5glnky, bara qz dhe gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this proe/su7 cq56i k nsh2.xbcess, 6 J of xsnsc.2ub57kh/e6 qi energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the /wg/i mc9vb 2egas exchanged no g2w9//iecvbm heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicwa0/o,(ed 4e*k wc zia1na 5ycs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume d q b* d6fftrgk3 l4g(.gmt08onuring an adifkdbrfg m*4n.tl8oq3gg 0 (t6abatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one cont ( onu)q.eg hexywz06d23fi.dainswyo3e .zx(e q2hf 6.nig)udd 0 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excu x7b(4waejk z,/o (iqept that one contains ,qujk4oz( e(wib/a7x $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is e ri/7ol7qz.g an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no changecb9gk*0i+2 .ei4 xou**, edhz;wmhyhd d8mlr in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, nvy2m+sl/ en3 $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pre 49p2w 0 twp-www ob1ubx,j19gpmrbb )ssure as heat is added to it. This procew4t gw p91)b9wrwo b2wppu10b ,-mb xjss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a samp4z y q3mc(uow3m+hm51c l p5ccle of ideal gas at constant pressure.+ 55(o4 cqc lu3c mc1mw3zpyhm As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagraml8sx5 n edkyz5wrzk2c6q8w 0q+ i;sp0 is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no ue +c qp2e5;g.4tud bbchange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of8v8kl, hi5icli- splxz13 -sq thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot*2.db l 2d0-iork iggo expand as heat energy is added to io2 *ii0okl rd-gg .2bdt. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant g :*x3ksm 9rxj+mjc.ivolumegx.sm9 +xc:mkjrj3 i* . As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamif+96h: pp bwx:d dd6ygcs.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reyumhcwg -lfgw 3wau/ 62k)0,+dptpr)servoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to tral lnp dn g u2on /dw-gb4u+90,cf1ebn:nsfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausiusr i -i vk-vusb(a2:(+t2ethno.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycler))i +b a.s,i67zqa4 roth y hc/fg9hk illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating orf.6h ,gcq9)ohkib s4r+a ihaty)7/zn this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a hea5j c q1ql +pi7vp( c:g:rhuv:gt engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, tl 0hi vt.ej;0nhe heat sink must b;0eniv0 hj tl.e

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist2d74vsb1 ey1rnvpk * qs of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermod5u5,s z 0cxr6yu/kyprynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (CO4oke (s9hec)y) txp9o P) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o9kp oet())sxho e 94ycf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio o 3a0 7fjkbphz5;2xpy hf

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, theu1ojlpuem4016ffuw ,ty 33 k w entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for avx4echu irtx-2/ss o-6 +)hrsny process that may occur with- 4st)x 2vex hhs s-ui/6cr+orin an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermo9t f (mi rke3(smjb.2xdynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude so.ghj 5x60 ulnhe4w 3that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of tmdszov5(5 v)0y3bqt.lr; e oheat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in intd v m0tqzy o)brvl5; .o(se35ternal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat4tc fln1o7ag 8 is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in theft g8nac17l4 o process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. pu uxrtd *.a-;38 tksk What is the change in internal su*kdr;k3u-8t xtpa. energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chaz8s l thl15p;5f d6pfn.bkd0el 57 mannge inke75alphdll0d 5f 86nsp ft. n5z;m1b internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing25yi u/ quo* h4xui .j1pyjc8vc1tyk, 25 J of work. What is the change in internal envy1 c,ycuo/pqxuy5ij* t.h4ki2u8 j 1ergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the interirvpq*s/csa 4,* u,p vnal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work done?ssap,r**q ic vu,/pv4

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by +)j.bd vcy 0bqawka) ;50 J. What is a;qvb0y b+a)jwk )d.cthe heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintain: epv1iaw fc-v:a,xev8/w:c) drd.p ped at constant volume as it is cool,di8ppaw :ev -v /cfe:x dpwr .avc1:)ed by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at *: j+acam0 u6 (dgqrbsug1.as +*knhg constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in tjs:d+ u +1una**mag(rgs ck.6g0aqbh he sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watil,rr14e + ulser at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cqi; +bi:xket*y.h -r vycle. What is t riv t:*i.ek y-h+;qxbhe efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of lcyl)i6-/ c/ynsbrh (r7k qg 435.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Hoksr4 -(gl/6 cq/rcbl7niy) hy w much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% anz/m nv5(x t t o-/dfz;+imrl(md receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat df(mxz+-d m/lmn v5 /rott(iz;oes it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64y5tkzk v5*)h v kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the zkv)v5 k5 hyt*efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle anpt7as - gaf+ pa scz4))*5drqdaju1 1cd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work s 7stadp*ap)c ua1+f)d4g j5rqzc 1-adone each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the f,.a rebwxl22plw94 i w9m7onxollowing characteristics: combustion cham.9,a2onlbwiexp2m9lwrx 4w7 ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follol0rr5y cc 1mp4wing characteristics: combustion chamber temprc5 pc lm04r1yerature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicsoela y,sk:fg,y;wc ) bh()5bg : cy)) ;cl,, obyhwsb 5g:eg(a fkombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powev02nj, tavi i)vpc 7.yr. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Th lvf*ulx1vb6kzy7 86ye plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The planwo2* fbv 6i4yht uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates p)u+riwkoyw.n dha2*8)4y ie between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoreti/fse1yd3b96 mdl0; t-icamkkcal efficiency possible for an engine operating betweemabd m- /yd0 3e6fsk i1c9lt;kn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of)*r 0ut)xnkwt the cold reservoir if the temperature ot)0 tw)*knruxf the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating blkfve 2 x+ w5/8r3kiuhetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from t3z/dkclh9dg90 -f:f b n kycd:e z-o.bhe freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects -f:z d 3cz-y:bd kfo/dekl0h b9g9 nc.24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comr-a)r:/jnr;d(v zg 1xyz lw/mpartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into avxrj / lza;:mgdr -r()w/nyz 1 room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator 3 c(qbq 3e 5yna6r7,sqks3a n1gi/uewabsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to th i b7qasr3cw3g65n/1,ye (nka u3qqs ee room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice jn-7638* ldzgazd pn y.vdhz-melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change )9bzj,.cy *baa + ajkfin entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal ex p,;grftudk- * rdj)q*p-nh 0upansion and its entropy ;quruh-d p )pf*jg-k,t* nr0dchanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ec,3 *jxn naz 7p4*bkf$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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