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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics

 作者: admin   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grata00ddl7 ahmb/ n,-2umy : utqph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, therefy,wx v5,ujq 4 is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of eft- pa i(;y4sthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volum .hg-wmghvj33 e with no change in its temperature. This pg- hwg3 m.3hjvrocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compr s+ixce+crd;1 essed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the exter+ex;sc rd1ci+ nal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compl:k x/fs jx64aressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the gaa:x l6 x4sk/fjs

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durib o6+w y 8;bzo*otzcve:xxz/0ng this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statementsx0*b zvw6 ot o +;/e8zoc:ybxz is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environme: krn0m dr*kc,nt. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrrd0km*cn:, rk oundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod34rkho v jzn .ox10lw+ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volumerumm jmx:(jx 7(f 5/yg during an adiabatic process. The fifxmyu gxmr/(7(jj:m5 nal pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical 1f: s+r;4kgm0q k.baf qj qx/cin all respects except that one containsc4q xg.sq0+k k fajf;r 1m:b/q $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical mn.iegs:+2l0x uvx5 , mhl) orin all respects except that one contains li)h2 m, rn5mxolx.u:vs g0+e$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV d;tkunu)t9fp knmq2lzf(97 1i iagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric processwu6sha9 s/w fr )hv6u4, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamiciysd8(o5f, +xee4l zshhuc(* n3k0 lxs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure f);hi upedw+( iy/ize- +jpx( as heat is added to it. This process is ij dexfzwup+()i+(y ;/ihep-

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal ga7p f0r0yn s3d dk0fk-bs at constant pressure. As a result, the internal -pkdf0rs30y fkn07 d benergy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram c u4m1b:yh6h8pps cb*is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proce u z7nu7gtr -p3vhe76oss, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn6+is me ga7ne wo(+cq3amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expaf2)e1ntnj / cci07lhe nd as heat energy is added to it. Th2 fe nn /l)ce1hi07cjtis process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transuw hlp*el +w-n+y 4oi*ferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the inter-u*wo+y*l4i enhl+ wpnal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of therm *;bf.;6qe uv9iizw *o/gbxcbodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trans2hvptjl0tr k /c*gh/j/ i-7s zfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heate3dcs*2igof3s 6q3 hx7m)aiv from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according tr v;od 1r i9ro+r+q b11tjpw+a pci6x)o Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken througwf3m)7w*wbu uh the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is donfu wwu*b )m3w7e by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defih a eb/ b4*zgtcma x,mhc+;hwsm72t*3ned as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency ov)9/mig.xn ebf a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bem./)v gi9n ebx

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist: z7p9gte 5;myqzei(ds of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of t2cb1k,:sy rfs hermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is def-tvr na:prv ob ;8uz25ined as the ratio ofra;-v 2zv:8oru pntb 5

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump9b j .vhm5zy7q r;9xeuddx,9 h is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the h(3f d*k(ittb2m 6. hze:isy) 3ipasg )grxm /water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynami0s8hg(nl ta. iepau l7pe9x;0 cs, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of te xl0il(n0 97pua8satehg;p. he choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general stateme*f6m4)8 u4ev eiup :laxj3bovnt of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamhef:gd5o;o xm3l6n mmcz z a;e+k0:a8ics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What 0nerbweej6h;98p j ;e is p98 0;; ej hwejbern6ethe change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal prjxew -/k( kd 9 0f/myc-ys7thhocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is thej k /7/(mfs-tcy x9ywdek-h0 h work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermakhg8o : 7yz*h )h02m kdsldla2l process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energyml k7)d02:2hsldg*h k zy 8aho?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done i;7cl 7:h djbxyeo,k1 cn compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal enled7o bcy jx1ck h;7:,ergy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J o*mp8a hqfjv 5 9,itm)2s*l lvwf work. What is the change in internal*hw9 q 2)sv f ilpatj,l*85mvm energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syxo yc 50tsd,9lstem decreases by 50 J. What is the work d s5l cd0t9xo,yone?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wh/w-3 eaiedu f,ouv l+3at is the heat excuo l u/3 3ae+viwfed-,hange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained a0zx)8-e z,q;zxtlg3/wkhq 8pw rhbz2t constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accom xt-qr20b8le) 8zh,z xwwz qpz3kh/;gplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume whenam obr )9 gv3fsoh*y+,yzn3y+ 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the samrfsobg )39ha3n++ ,y z vym*oyple?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of waterr fusc5;ccw 19 at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives ii ,p.,.fpen * azw)trmnos1h+:y -oc 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficien1ti.oni a c+n*).wym,:f hp-oes,rz pcy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cyclek0 .g,wxiq,ti80 vcwc. How much work does it perform in each cxvq,0 .gc0 wwt,ciik8ycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 8vd kd71ude)k35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhdd)1d 7vek u8kaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat ea9fb 8o9o*w(d grc,+mbt3ryvpch cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency99v,o ro*c3+ybwg bd8(pftm r of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhas +pz9 q2i9,ttr-i pyeusts 42 kcal. Calculatet2ype pr9+iisq9z- t, the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follow5h8zw l:j):dcz3-dszoi bdi)j+k: hiing characteristics: combustion chamber temp )o d lih-d:s zw h):j5z+i8k:ijzbdc3erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effic, w*:nwbpcd+ ysu8*bt ient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = w8 cny **,ut b:+psbdw$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fo5v7to uski/0dvdnz+3llowing characteristics: combusti +7d0/v5k3ztviuods n on chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric p3y(jbrr*u(qs e u7x oa4tu yf+1,ljrix/e1e8ower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW o zb/ s3qczn4r4f electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usesuojg7 hn, 2p yul1/f4g $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot effic.usgmx+ezx/ i)( rln9iency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum tn ka vvow;/64 -. guxzq1(fuilheoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betweenu/w6(4- ;ovgx.ni kzvauq1lf $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot efg y*ye3l m*m4ngine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir mfye*g4* myl 3is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betw */hxx4(;p f cemcj6p rf8n:wteen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heasn /,iz98tkgu t from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much wornug8tsk / ,i9zk is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ a)ym4h h :fjy4dnd ejec4)fym:4 hyj hdts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of -.:w *hvss1stsg t(vkoperation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of hes s-ht1vv(*g k:s.stwat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in edlj1* rvwf*(h ntropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change irjbzz9-8:nq j n entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP unds6o+oe)o, 0l7 ypiiq9-djn xu ergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes by )ilpxos79oo, qdie6 unj+0-y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at k qx7mv d+l0( ba.ji(r$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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总分:71分 及格:42.6分 时间:不限时
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