Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - 题库网 (tiku.one)

?作业考试练习?通用国际物理?Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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1#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are riding in a spaceship that has no windows, radios, or s quu6vvai:3) )axn8g other means for you to observe 63xsuv naq ag): uv)8ior measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Michelson-Morley experimendrzptb1xjh5 p q;*j d)doj30:t was designed to measure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Michelson and Morley concluded from thx1 5ml y+s:za/h1nagbr0c n9j;ro f(ne results of their experiment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You can build an interferometer yourself if you use the following h (ncod74at l 0x6g2rrcomponents:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the relativity pri1vop8tnnvv g bgu93 -4nciple.

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6#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the three unprovable assumptix wknzuk2 rh opc2 /:-9dcgo+-ons of Galilean-Newtonian relativity.

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The theory of special relat-) o /kz dbwt1xmhyp68wi1(bhivity

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One of Einstein's postulates in formu s+zxlysr:gt2a- +u)dlating the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics are the same in referen: +2+xsuds a)l tryg-zce frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the first postulate of special r5cym/t ys5gvy1 b o9j5elativity.

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10#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the second postulate oz / zj tro7 vwhufe/)dwz:)m47f special relativity.

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If you were to measu 3xjr-mun79 fpre your pulse rate while in a spaceship moving away from the Sun at a speed close to the speed of light, you would fjx3m7- upn9rf ind that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary observer, a movin hu, )anz9uk7ng clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The gamma factor is defined as (xcw15 uv2q),hpzci, yhk v;l $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Suppose one twin takes e7kd+fek7mt 8(5leor y(4:-vl yhqxo a ride in a space ship traveling at a very high speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on E((lf q :t -k8 oxel7hekeovydm5r+ 7y4arth predicts that the astronaut twin is

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationar ao /f ver7q2iwg( vk *wd7muan2xr347y observer, a moving object

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direct 8:8bovox:cwuu-m b* aion parallel to its length with a velocity that approaches the velocity of light. The width of this object, as measured by a statio bo: :8xuv*wc-8uabomnary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velocity that d /mf6f9;vd9 oi1qi xbapproaches the velocity of light. The length iv6d;db qo9 i9x1ff/mof this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle77mpyg *kah q/ approaches the speed of light, the mass of the particlh 7 gya7k*/pqme

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, the5wzvxp);vi vp+ a2 ai89(exdt momentum of the pap( a+x wdz)t ;vpe2a59xiv8v irticle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spear is thrown by you at a very high speed. As it passes, you measure its)r 7,nvl :a e7+fdirhq length at one-half its normal length. From this me 7i rv, adlfqnh7re+):asurement, you conclude that the moving spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the kinetic energy of a speedy proton when its relativ a9f:oi7vdj6w istic mass da6ji9d7:vwf ooubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the total rn8c3 c-ebpg2w elativistic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass dc-pgbecn2 w38oubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider a particle of mass4u 4ko11l kalh $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider two spaceshu fwnx;shq c7+gl// k-ips, each traveling at 0.50c in a straight line. Ship A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The 7/ cgwku/x+n h l;fqs-science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light coming from the Sun. What do they measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following depends on the observer's frame ofmubod,w 5 8s:w reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the velocity of your spaceship increasemw1d /g(/fmi*hzbx +gs, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With whgdy) wrcnx2 d*m:n;y+ at speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is headny ngmxw;*dcy) : +r2ding upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed 7ud2v:mvw+mx. rmf55x fmmt7, relative to the shore, doetv md5f5mfw7mm x m+.v2ur:7 xs it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative tdoo5)o6s: .c1dls utwo the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight acrdods w. : 16)tl5ooucsoss the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast should a moving clock t ky 95masa(lqk:l.ft(/ a/om 25hwepcravel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as running at one-half its normalmpoykl55s( /9cew(h/q.f:aa2 mltka rate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and returns i*9d0r8uef t+:mvr svtn 10 hours according to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the 9e * t:mv0df8rt+vrusEarth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A set of twins, Andr1 6q1s1yhwy7huwf+lk ea and Courtney, are initially 10 years old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Anqul wfw7hyk +16y1h 1sdrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One 20-year-old twin brother takes a space trip withcep 6b;:)/l ezzw 2wm9bzip9e a speed of 0.80c for 30 years ac/i99 z z2 pe)e;pweblw6:mzbccording to a clock on the spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of (ahf(u c+,tbz 1wlo*z0.80c. What is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contract to half of its sf:t,;j hi;y aproper length (as obse, s;tha;i y:fjrved by a stationary object)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The length of a spaceship is 10 m yvix 7n)vtm117q 1 uhawhen it is at rest. If the spaceship travels by you with a speed of 0.70c, what length does it appear mt1v7 1v1iu ) qa7nhxyto you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 lightrk+vh33pqrx: lw7-2 3 ksgrqfenu 0t+ years away. A spaceship with a constant kxg r qpqt0 hvun2e+r3w7fl3-+:3ksr speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our 4dwm5ii1 buki6*sl0o solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the i6 os*kb45m1 ilw0uid Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our sola1wev upzt7lo q.59ld4mqej: 2roi7o 4 mvzl ,8r system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to t e w8.m olp4vq4: z9termo ,ivdlq o7lzu71j52he Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is traveling at 0.85c. Wha 7j:qfk9q;9zxqe(vswt is its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the speed of a proton if its mass is twice its rest masshqc f yne 1::.7)omporoa, n7g?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the velocity of your spaceship goes from 0.3 c to 0.v9z h3-3bllhvj(yvs * 6 c, then your mass will increase -l33bvhyv*jhz9(l sv by

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the momentum in,fxw)1p13m.dir ydlc $kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, an krs:sulsfb:t* l/wc(s(rk1 9q *sq: helement loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of material was lc vr*wqmzf+:vrh0+m1ost during a reactiowm1q:rmv0 ++ c*vfzrh n?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The amount of energy equivalent to two kilogram of mass at rest is2bce+q81 ch zl

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, hel *b4 ,vryrsi,,i cmhw/r 7kg6/wkxb5oping to end World War II on the next day. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosb4w w o r ,i*sy,br7/m,hrkki/6v5xgc ive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% fel/)5me 6xdp of its total energy. What is the speed of )xd65lmfe/pe the proton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% rf9s1.y.z ykw+2pnqt of its total energy. What is the momentumyyk tf +n2rw9 pq1s..z in $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What energy is released (in MeV 8 *sg .hb9yn3(wi g3xtbvgf6t f)tgox0wq 9v8) during a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much mass is los3bysgq,5tj2n4 tb/v u t during a reaction in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the total energy of an electron moving with a speed of 0.95ck1k7zsi6 l0ii?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many joules of energy are required to accelerate one kilogram of/f/x1sxm z+zxkh 31 jv mass from rest to a v+ f1xkhv/xs/ mjx z13zelocity of 0.866 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear plant, m)ff g fwe0 zu79w x:/j8s*xav$1017 J$ of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. dv0a mcn8z*xfxj .a:l8;m y e,pkl04kbm )l p4 By what factor has its mass increased with respect to it4nx b*k0 x .ecmyljz8:pk 0);a lpam,fv48ldms rest mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are in a rocket traveling away from the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the spid qng1 ht0ewn p13no1c /er,1eed of light from the 1, cgwn1 n3/nieodqpr 1eh1t 0Sun to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Two spaceships are travelvbm(ijua v;nii7-1 a9g25pb a ing through space at 0.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a person on eith b 5vn2jii ib1ua pa7;av-9(mger craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A fast spaceship is traveling with a speed ofxxlrglvym*iu 5b*yy0a ( .j)2 0.80c. How fast would light travel from the headlights of the ship relative to i*jy. 5yxv(lmlyxg u *ra 2b)0a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.(xiz-ruwf* xwi(l) k480c. The spaceship then firi i4* u()wwx-lfkz(r xes a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceshbg)u knc9ey3*tx3p. ri b2kl x6r*s :m(l:r ssip then fires erb kkrm2*ilxbgc(n:):x 9l ys 3*tpus3 .sr6a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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总分:61分及格:36.6分时间:不限时

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