Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - 题库网 (tiku.one)

?作业考试练习?通用国际物理?Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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1#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are riding in a spaceship that has nee/ +( lni;kzeo windows, radios, or other means for you to observe or measure+ei; e/ zlenk( what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Michelson-Morley prxzn a 5ucv 6gq68a0k(4qbpmr* h9 7kexperiment was designed to measure

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Michelson and Morley concluded from the results of their exi0.u1 owv9hcwaa5 bw 3periment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You can build an interferometer yourself if you use the1qd fb r-,sz(s following components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the relativity principle.r;q s/b*,1xurm7 j/pr5vzfc * r+maqf

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6#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the three unprovable assumptions of Galilean-Newtonian relat; vc-n,i rkah.ivity.

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The theory of special relativ:cpfkcbx 0bl+e44wqjg c 3p:*ity

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One of Einstein's postulates in formulating the specq6/ /lizbci*slpw9 +r ial theory of relativity was that the ir 96p*l s+i/qblwzc/laws of physics are the same in reference frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the first postulate of special relativity.* fqvn.*z,pue

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10#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the second postulate ogah i+7,p:l xvf special relativity.

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If you were to measure yo/phq.i7ms gl4ur pulse rate while in a spaceship moving away from the Sun /.pgms4i l 7qhat a speed close to the speed of light, you would find that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary obsx eyhp1vjvas3 dbc r4 3)f uy3fa6f0:3erver, a moving clock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The gamma factor is f1yma xiphu.ygs9x)4-* + qs5o8iuyrdefined as $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling at a very higho-eg yv op9:6f speed to a distant star and back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin isf96y-epvg: oo

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary observer, a moving objeaiu (r)pxvm9,qejce 1q74 )upct

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velocitd dmq+58xpb4wy that approaches the velocity of light. The width5ddq4pmw x8+b of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velocity that ahnlrw1 iin:v;,.zo/jpproaches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as measured r:;noj i/h,vz.1wiln by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, the massz /v2tv9*2 9ry 5le6xztm g0azkg 3kcj of the particlx0grv*ekkta2v 9gty j652z/c93 mz l ze

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, thepf(h obd3(x ,o-zvswa+ ,cq)bcm .a.d momentum of the parh3ba v,.,opdowc )+f(bad.qcxz(ms - ticle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spear is thrown by you at a very high speev f3hh v2hg:z 6f4kyskut 3-6vd. As it passes, you measure its length at one-half its normal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the moving sph vs34hvf3 gf uz kt-6k:hvy26ear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the kinetic energy of a speedy proton wm)c/ few,o6uxhen its relativistic mass)emu6 xfcw o/, doubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the total relativistic energy of a speedy p ydmtg.)8/ wwdroton when its relativistic mass doubwy dd/gtw .m)8les?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider a particle ofb.sd3z*ow+*1cfhyl /m gf x:a mass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider two spaceships, each traveling at 0.50c in a71tfxctk ebr,vf ns75-eiq9) straight line. Ship A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light comi,ctxit f 1 5)kfqsnb7e9 -re7vng from the Sun. What do they measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following depends on the obsere;aswy96ph,2( h eq8v-hv xckver's frame of reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the velocity of your spaceship i */fjsa8v)0wwk tvs; uf4om; oncreases, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s z kbdv4vq+:4)l a *.ubmtvi,z8w7het in still water. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading .zbmvv+k,tz4 )tu8hb iqe7vd:al4 *w upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. Witfrrtu4rhapi0 ;7+tz .h what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if ti.u4r0+tz rp h rfa;t7he boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With what speed, relative t z i,:xt y 2;jcemjen0de;ap54o the shore, does it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is hp jix e45;2za m :dcteen0y,;jeading straight across the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast should a movinsaim wc5: d-5 d)l3uzewhg2p -g clock travel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer am52e-zpsilw hdd3:a w) 5-u gcs running at one-half its normal rate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and retur( umjouqr 1g(0ns in 10 hours according to a clock on the spacesrjm(q uo1g (u0hip. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the Earth?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A set of twins, Andrea and:yc*bzwst ti6x:4f4b fu +k uuy.2z .q Courtney, are initially 10 years old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.f z q.tybu6zf4 +i:wt4: 2uskcx. *buy6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon her return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One 20-year-old twin br*zq)7 zm /5ohxxz .myuother takes a space trip with a speed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on the spaceymhzx*o.m5u /zz7x)q ship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. What is its lel px/ ca**fpr6ngth?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast would a rocket ship have to mogrij0z(nb3( rs,.lk dv0cb ,ove to contract to half of its proper length (as observed by a stativd sbbrn(0k,olji(g z0r3.c,onary object)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The length of a spacesnhkimt8f.(dfmy 60n9hip is 10 m when it is at rest. If the spaceship travels by you with a speed of 0.70c, what l fn.y 8nft 0dmimk9(6hength does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar sy5p.7 lqklr9df9d0 lho 3:lsf ystem is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceshi9skf7r d.yol 0 q5phdl:9f3llp with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the ship?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system):b n0cwt n07g i+u-ty lgon0w is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship wi7 tng+g ncw-0nw:0l )uy0itob th a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to oro)nk3( h *xmnur solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the E)3*onh (mrk nxarth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is traveli,in.,:lo q r/ tsmahn2ng at 0.85c. What is its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the speed of a proton if its mass is twice its rest mm-ud5f q ,,/f ufpml+eass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the velocity of your spaceship goes:q13w8s4bqbcx3a v2tep/8 q- qzcfab from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will incre tc4 : eavqzb8/1c-xsqw8p3 fqbba3q 2ase by

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the momentum in ad+k c7p nnca :ynwb2/b)c8/x$kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, an7t1d0h*(jwa8qs nn ac element loses $4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy would be released if 2.0 kg of material was lost during a co53 u;pqkydj(,e,e wj 0i0i 5k5adazreactii53ekuc wqjd0,( p 5aa0o5 yd,jkzie;on?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The amount of energy equivalent to two kilogram)rkpg+9jf )g sp75axt of mass at rest is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki inqft4 / 4gwj(ho 1945 killed 140,000 people, helping to end World War II on the next dayfq 4/ 4whojt(g. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy.xaqugg6kvy 4i*g- )h4 What is the speed of the pi)ay-vh46 gg4xq*kguroton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. Wha02iwpoyh0+hv12*ilfhctef 2 ivi6u,;fa i/ r t is the momentum0f*ae2/ohl vfi,h+f 0iicu2htw2v;i 1p 6ryi in $kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What energy is released (in MeV) during a reaction i 6)y wd *q7*xl uzwpnswh.k 9(vi);7aqlmu wf;n which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much mass is lost during a reaction inbpnv bqg0g/d/qx :i +* which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the total energy of an electron moving with a speed of 6gzmd m l9or5,0.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many joules of energy are required to accelerate one kilogram of ma1- ky1vap c8askr 2(tmpn0 .zhss from rest to a velocity o1t.k2cn8a vpzam(y10- krpsh f 0.866 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear plant, 7sbb 0o(84vl+pmz;nlq/+ ioq. dmmdb$1017 J$ of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is accelerated throug fobd. /9qioo6h 100 kV. By what factor has its mass increased with respect to o .9oofdi/q 6bits rest mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are in a rocket traveling away from the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the spez/.gg-io qjix0 m*5n zed of light from the Sugimjn.-zog z 5/i* 0qxn to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Two spaceships are traveling through space at -rhai;. 8 jialyput7 90.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed directly toward each other, what is their approach velocityj.i9a7ul;irt- y 8ahp, as measured by a person on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A fast spaceship is traveling with a speed of 0.800, ittj n1i3)ahz mqt5vwx1 z .vwv8x0c. How fast would light travel from the headlights of the shin10)twxz 3h,v. i0ti5a1 wqvjzm8xtvp relative to a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away fromq:d* ; pktb6wu the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired awb pdw*ut:;qk6ay from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. 9nbc6 -wcf10idms3pz The spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earths iz9-p 6dnwfc3m0bc1 ?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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总分:61分及格:36.6分时间:不限时

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