Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity - 题库网 (tiku.one)

?作业考试练习?通用国际物理?Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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习题练习：Physics Unit26: Special Theory of Relativity

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1#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are riding in a spacesn6t8km/zo, t n+ n9yjfhip that has no windows, radios, or other means for you to observe or measure what is /n okt6njzm +yf8nt9 ,outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. What should you do?

A. You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light.

B. You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

C. You can determine if the ship is moving either by determining the apparent velocity of light or by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving.

D. You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task.

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Michelson-Morley experiment was designed to measurejj 50k8r l3r0tkj i2cjura/cj0sh d93

A. the relativistic mass of the electron.

B. the relativistic energy of the electron.

C. the velocity of the Earth relative to the ether.

D. the acceleration of gravity on the Earth's surface.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Michelson and Morley concluded fro*35dudzir1lr/2 imgbm the results of their experiment that

A. the experiment was a failure since there was no detectable shift in the interference pattern.

B. the experiment was successful in not detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

C. the experiment was a failure since they detected a shift in the interference pattern.

D. the experiment was successful in detecting a shift in the interference pattern.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You can build an interferometer yoursiun. t,(lqi4:zb hg3 z -x,ubielf if you use the following components:

A. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

B. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, and a glass plate.

C. a light source, a detector screen, two partially silvered mirrors, a flat mirror, and a glass plate.

D. a light source, a detector screen, a partially silvered mirror, two flat mirrors, and a glass plate.

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5#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the relativity prinmk/xpfo976v9:y81 s tdf zvb nciple.

该题自我估分: (必填) (满分:1.0分)

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6#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the three unprovable assumptions of Galileaz/2a)n m0:e j 0lu7cvt;0t *duienbca n-Newtonian relativity.

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The theory of special r;)ltp )lsmb/gi, mvlibj)w s7g.. p2 telativity

A. is based on a complex mathematical analysis.

B. has not been verified by experiment.

C. does not agree with Newtonian mechanics.

D. does not agree with electromagnetic theory.

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One of Einstein's postulates in formulating the special t-:ssglue 39y f 0k2iybheory of relativity was that the laws of physics are the same in referenb: k2u sl0ieysf g9-y3ce frames that

A. accelerate.

B. move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C. oscillate.

D. are stationary, but not in moving frames.

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9#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the first postulate of5ku ,rx41fuvq special relativity.

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10#

问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

State the second postulate of special relativix ahgqx + :(0bbvpq.v(ty.

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If you were to measure your pulse rard6a) yisqpw* a4doz+j;c0a )te while in a spaceship moving away from the Sun at a speed c*dpq o daaw;)) 64rz y+0jcisalose to the speed of light, you would find that it was

A. much faster than normal.

B. much slower than normal.

C. the same as it was here on Earth.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary observer, a moving cl+mt/nzfvr+ihs4 ben42 7,8c,jl uwtcock

A. always runs slower than normal.

B. always runs faster than normal.

C. keeps its normal time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the clock.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The gamma factor is defined ast6b8 f. yxmjv: $\gamma = 1 / \sqrt{1- (v/c)^2}$, therefore gamma ($\gamma$)

A. can be zero.

B. can be any number less than or equal to one.

C. can be any number greater than or equal to one.

D. cannot equal one.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Suppose one twin takes a ride in a space ship traveling aturu d7397)zvl 3exlc qkyu// m a very high speed to a distant star and back again, while tk/ ez 9vucry/u3qd)u3 lx77mlhe other twin remains on Earth. The twin that remained on Earth predicts that the astronaut twin is

A. younger.

B. the same age.

C. older.

D. cannot be determined from the given information

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Relative to a stationary observer, yd (/o 0q e8qa0q/jijsa moving object

A. appears shorter than normal.

B. appears longer than normal.

C. keeps its same length time.

D. can do any of the above. It depends on the relative velocity between the observer and the object.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction parallel to its length with a velocitya t+bh*1:cfl -vle ci; that approaches the velocity of light. Thl1 +-cvitf *h;: eblace width of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An object moves in a direction bw8vh :veqd :+parallel to its length with a velocity that approh+d:qew vb 8v:aches the velocity of light. The length of this object, as measured by a stationary observer,

A. approaches infinity.

B. approaches zero.

C. increases slightly.

D. does not change.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle approaches the speed of light, the mx m4nao9oi 26cass of the particle4m x ci62ao9no

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the speed of a particle app;lcso6v0i 1li roaches the speed of light, the momentum of the pac1o;i l6vl0si rticle

A. increases.

B. decreases.

C. remains the same.

D. approaches zero.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spear is thrown by you at a very high speed. As it pdynyr*j x o64wcki67m7( g1i aasses, you measure its length at one-half its noyiakg yod41(6xicr7wn6 *m 7jrmal length. From this measurement, you conclude that the moving spear's mass must be

A. one-half its rest mass.

B. twice its rest mass.

C. four times its rest mass.

D. none of the given answers

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the kinet/l 65auqkq 4uxic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass doubleskx 546qulqua /?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the total 6**bq tz7nl3j ta d 0wbli-b9ix*xu0brelativistic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic massudta30x7b zwl i bt x*i9 l-0b*6nbj*q doubles?

A. It doubles.

B. It more than doubles.

C. It less than doubles.

D. It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider a particle i) q:km9r sff4of mass $m$ and rest mass $m_0$. Which of the following is the correct expression for the kinetic energy of such a particle?

A. $\frac{1}{2} m_0 v^2$

B. $\frac{1}{2} m v^2$

C. $m c^2 - m_0 c^2$

D. $\frac{1}{2}(mc^2 - m_0 c^2)$

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Consider two spaceships, each tb.zj(tb:x n2rraveling at 0.50c in a straight line. Ship A is moving directly away from the Sun and ship B is approaching the Sun. The science officers on each ship measure the velocity of light cominrz:b.b t xnj(2g from the Sun. What do they measure for this velocity?

A. Ship A measures it as less than c, and ship B measures it as greater than c.

B. Ship B measures it as less than c, and ship A measures it as greater than c.

C. On both ships it is measured to be less than c.

D. On both ships it is measured to be exactly c.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following depends on th2ya6 ;*rju9g jcpxl)we observer's frame of reference?

A. the mass of the proton

B. the length of a meter stick

C. the half-life of a muon

D. all of the given answers

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

As the velocity of your spaceship increasex:mn3bxe 2tr7;w:ibmek 4d ;zs, you would observe

A. that your precision clock runs slower than normal.

B. that the length of your spaceship has decreased.

C. that your mass has increased.

D. all of the given answers

E. none of the given answers

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still watea4 h. l 0:svx0bhxjz/fq*;i9) cbara ir. With what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river thatf q9bx: ia4/lc 0 aji0hrah*.;z)sxb v is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading upstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in sti2cbr/tf5ho/a4z1 m nb ll water. With what speed, relative to the shore, 4z/2 n/bf o1ac5tbhmrdoes it move in a river that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading downstream?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A boat can travel 4.0 m/s in still water. With9rg 8mi v+vik3: vw1pxun/n7i what speed, relative to the shore, does it move in a river vm i+ 73irnvpwu:v/1 8nkigx9that is flowing at 1.0 m/s if the boat is heading straight across the river?

A. 3.0 m/s

B. 4.1 m/s

C. 4.8 m/s

D. 5.0 m/s

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast should a moving clock travel h, xwy3k5//oojr y7pck;pcp /if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as running at okpr ,xoj5 ocychw/p kp;/y 37/ne-half its normal rate?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship takes a nonstop journey to a planet and returns in 10 hours accordinlv:;oy w y0l+ng to a clock on the spaceship. If the speed of the spaceship is 0.80c, how much time has elapsed on the Earto: y0l; lwyn+vh?

A. $3.2 \; h$

B. $7.0 \; h$

C. $15 \; h$

D. $17 \; h$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A set of twins, Andrea and Courtney, are initially 10 yeamk4k( 83 wcd+;dcs0djz3 n jsurs old. While Courtney remains on Earth, Andrea rides on a space ship which travels away from Earth at a speed of 0.6c for five years (as measured by Courtney), then turns around and comes back at 0.6c. When Andrea returns, Courtney is 20 years old. How old is Andrea upon nzsjd jd;d(u3kw + 8kc s34c0mher return?

A. $10 \; years$

B. $12 \; years$

C. $18 \; years$

D. $20 \; years$

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One 20-year-old twin brx 8edk2uico,iw(b . *.fsjqm9other takes a space trip with a speed of 0.80c for 30 years according to a clock on theou ibw8i*j9( x fmc,sqd..e2k spaceship. Upon returning to the Earth, what is his own age and the age of the Earth-based twin brother?

A. 20; 30

B. 30; 50

C. 50; 70

D. 70; 90

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A meter stick is moving toward you with a speed of 0.80c. Whv/)ft;lw9lcsovm a 9 +at is its length?

A. zero

B. $0.40 \; m$

C. $0.60 \; m$

D. $1.0 \; m$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How fast would a rocket ship have to move to contract to half of its proper lik/7vv;1*k*kzseu fdsbhsl3*got 5 + engfv1lub /d 5k ;zkte*7o3s s*s*vkh ig+th (as observed by a stationary object)?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.65 \; c$

C. $0.78 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The length of a spaceship y6wlyid ( ,e/,+vdts nis 10 m when it is at rest. If the spaceship travels by you w,d6t i,y+ s/ed(w nvlyith a speed of 0.70c, what length does it appear to you?

A. $5.5 \; m$

B. $7.1 \; m$

C. $12 \; m$

D. $18 \; m$

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.:vk* qw3 -6divh; hkmj30 light years away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. What distance does the space ship travel according to a passenger on the sq3hi-wkh 6 mv: dv*j;khip?

A. $2.58 \; ly$

B. $3.52 \; ly$

C. $4.12 \; ly$

D. $4.30 \; ly$

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light ;7 ow7f v:ukni7uk1-uy/:ooxt-z ugiyears away. A spaceship with a constant speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward theioxont:uki7u zk-:u o; wyg7 -17u/ fv star. How much time would elapse on a clock on board the spaceship?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The closest star to our solar system x v*9gylm nj )sqq37;vis Alpha Centauri, which is 4.30 light years away. A spaceship with a constaqvx9ls m3 )y q7n;vj*gnt speed of 0.800c relative to the Earth travels toward the star. How much time would elapse on a clock on the Earth?

A. $3.23 \; y$

B. $4.40 \; y$

C. $5.15 \; y$

D. $5.38 \; y$

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is traveling at 0.; pkuwn vb)m8. /hrm8p/hvn0i85c. What is its mass? (The rest mass is $9.11 \times 10^{-31} \; kg$.)

A. $1.4 \times 10^{-29} \; kg$

B. $7.2 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

C. $1.7 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

D. $2.4 \times 10^{-30} \; kg$

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the speed of a proton 5ysk*h.q0 bhhif its mass is twice its rest mass?

A. $0.50 \; c$

B. $0.68 \; c$

C. $0.73 \; c$

D. $0.87 \; c$

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the velocity of your spaceship g85 s5 pqn ;hdunv2 4v trjc335fdo+evgoes from 0.3 c to 0.6 c, then your mass will incrcvs3;8g+v55u nnvr h3dt45q e ojp2df ease by

A. 19%.

B. 38%.

C. 100%.

D. 200%.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the momentum in y g.vozoo co i--9,0m ohu7 mc3nq2gz:$kg \cdot m/s$ of a proton when it is moving with a speed of 0.60c?

A. $1.2 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $3.8 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, an element loses u81xi wyk;6 ).khput) w6ykt b$4.8 \times 10^{-28} \; kg$ of mass. How much energy (in Joules) is released?

A. $4.3 \times 10^{-11} \; J$

B. $1.4 \times 10^{-19} \; J$

C. $1.6 \times 10^{-36} \; J$

D. $5.3 \times 10^{-45} \; J$

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During a reaction, $1.7 \times 10^{-4} \; J$ of energy is released. What change of mass would cause this?

A. $5.1 \times 10^{-4} \; kg$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{-13} \; kg$

C. $4.8 \times 10^{-18} \; kg$

D. $1.9 \times 10^{-21} \; kg$

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy would be released if 2 +;lf4+ ixy7+forbd(j7jhsue .0 kg of material was lost during a reactiore4++ojbxyuhf;+ d(ifj l 7s7n?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $1.5 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $6.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$

D. $4.7 \times 10^{-8} \; J$

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The amount of energy equi;uq cg*wrp0pp1 nij5 8valent to two kilogram of mass at rest is

A. $18 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

B. $3.0 \times 10^{8} \; J$.

C. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$.

D. none of the given answers

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic bomb that was dropped on Nagf,rby; 5 kyfp4asaki in 1945 killed 140,000 people, helping to end World rf45yy, kp f;bWar II on the next day. It released energy equivalent to that of 20,000 tons of TNT explosive. How much mass was converted to energy when this took place? (1000 tons of TNT = $4.3 \times 10^{12} \; J$) Incidentally, modern H-bombs have energy yields 1000 times as much!

A. $1 \; g$

B. $10 \; g$

C. $100 \; g$

D. $1 \; kg$

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is k91ki )ize3ji 80% of its total energy. What is the speed of the pr 3zkijki91e)i oton?

A. $0.02 \; c$

B. $0.87 \; c$

C. $0.98 \; c$

D. $1.0 \; c$

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The kinetic energy of a proton is 80% of its total energy. What is the rs81 t qysv3.fdn3 n2xmrls 0nueq4;*momentum in 3dqlsx1 q08r3nny*4 s s.e;fvt mrn2u$kg \cdot m/s$ of the proton?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

B. $2.5 \times 10^{-19} \; kg \cdot m/s$

C. $5.0 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

D. $2.5 \times 10^{-18} \; kg \cdot m/s$

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What energy is released (in MeV) durini, a gbgf727,tkzu6gig a reaction in which $1.67 \times 10^{-25} \; kg$ of material is converted to energy?

A. $5.0 \times 10^{-14} \; MeV$

B. $4.1 \times 10^{-7} \; MeV$

C. $3.1 \times 10^{-4} \; MeV$

D. $9.4 \times 10^{4} \; MeV$

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much mass is lost during a reacti85rxpd;m ai +mon in which $1.7 \times 10^{8} \; MeV$ of energy is released?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{-8} \; kg$

B. $5.7 \times 10^{-9} \; kg$

C. $1.9 \times 10^{-17} \; kg$

D. $3.0 \times 10^{-22} \; kg$

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the total energy of an electron moving with a speed of 0 /d0 h; hr/aj-n3e9j-a haxzjm.95c?

A. $2.6 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

B. $8.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

C. $1.1 \times 10^{-13} \; J$

D. $1.2 \times 10^{-14} \; J$

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many joules of energy are requiarg/*:z*rzew - jcl;x red to accelerate one kilogram of mass from rest to a ve/ -wx jzrlz**ra c:ge;locity of 0.866 c?

A. $1.8 \times 10^{17} \; J$

B. $9.0 \times 10^{16} \; J$

C. $3.0 \times 10^{3} \; J$

D. none of the given answers

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear plant, asu(mvdvxs: ,)dtzuc 4g(x/ :$1017 J$ of energy is available from mass conversion. How much mass was lost?

A. $0.1 \; kg$

B. $1 \; kg$

C. $10 \; kg$

D. $100 \; kg$

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An electron is accelerated through 100 kV. By what factor has its ma- vi ur5xnib*7ss increased with respect to i*7 5ib r-nxuivts rest mass?

A. 1.20

B. 1.55

C. 4.25

D. 8.00

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

You are in a rocket traveling away from the Sun at 0.95c. You measure the spe1wdncv7k7 j/aed of lig71 /cvw7aknj dht from the Sun to be

A. 0.05c.

B. 0.95c.

C. 1.0c.

D. cannot be determined without knowing the frequency of the light

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Two spaceships are traveling through spagyr9j0,usy xzp*f (6cjc1*uhce at 0.60 c relative to the Earth. If the ships are headed d*,xz9r(up j1yjc* chu gfys06 irectly toward each other, what is their approach velocity, as measured by a person on either craft?

A. $1.2 \; c$

B. $c$

C. $0.60 \; c$

D. none of the given answers

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A fast spaceship is traveling with a speebhu6e hl *pppdixw;8 f(4 zt-*d of 0.80c. How fast would light travel from the headlight pzuwp ;h6lf48(ti dph*ex*-b s of the ship relative to a stationary observer?

A. $0.20 \; c$

B. $0.80 \; c$

C. $1.0 \; c$

D. $1.8 \; c$

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. Tdg.qir g3b(j1. wlqi*he spaceship then fires a missile with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by.1lj(3qid .ig wg*bq r observers on the Earth if the missile is fired away from the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A spaceship moves away from the Earth with a speed of 0.80c. The spdy6qehms5g/n sy5 j-qr b3c +1epo9d+aceship then fires a missile dj1m/yr3pdcs +5oyen - seh9q5gb+q 6with a speed of 0.50c relative to the spaceship. What is the velocity of the missile measured by observers on the Earth if the missile is fired toward the Earth?

A. $0.30 \; c$

B. $0.50 \; c$

C. $0.93 \; c$

D. $1.3 \; c$

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总分:61分及格:36.6分时间:不限时

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