Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

?作业考试练习?通用国际物理?Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

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习题练习：Physics Unit31: Nuclear Energy and Radiation

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a target nucleus is bombarded by an appropriate beam of particlejvzg,ah*zj+n d7 ar9z k*/u8 xs, it is possible to produc +av,9 kadx*zz */j7rgu hj8zne

A. a less massive nucleus, but not a more massive one.

B. a more massive nucleus, but not a less massive one.

C. a nucleus with smaller atomic number, but not one with a greater atomic number.

D. a nucleus with greater atomic number, but not one with a smaller atomic number.

E. a nucleus with either greater or smaller atomic number.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of a proton ie.v os+9ghmso (gaor2 ti;+6o s $1.6726 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$ and the mass of a neutron is $1.6749 \times 10^{-27} \; kg$. A proton captures a neutron forming a deuterium nucleus. One would expect the mass of this nucleus to be

A. equal to $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

B. less than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

C. greater than $(1.6726 + 1.6749) \times 10^{-27} \; kg$.

D. any of these; it depends on the energy released during the capture.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a nuclear reaction, what value is conserved in addition to elecjligku w9kc6:1+i /k ttric charge, energy, and moi6 k iw9 gtck1+lu:jk/mentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A proton strikes an oxygen-18 nucleus producing fluori vg/pxx)th(b d)v+ fo6ne-18 and another particle. What other parti) tgvf6o)hx xvbd (/p+cle is produced by this nuclear reaction?

A. a neutron

B. an $\alpha$ particle

C. an $b-$ particle

D. an $b+$ particle

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A nuclear reaction is said to be exothermic if the total s 0biqpf)f*oce 1ej4 0kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A nuclear reaction is said to ben 1ef 7na/m*hv endothermic if the total kinetic energy is

A. less after the reaction than before.

B. equal both before and after the reaction.

C. greater after the reaction than before.

D. zero after the reaction.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process during which a heavywftzm/0p +*:to6wio e4kg2gi nucleus such as uranium splits into two intermediate-sizew *zpkg/:+t4 iwme26f0 tgoi od nuclei after being struck by a neutron is referred to as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The process during which small nuclei combine to form larger ones is referreaj.go pt (u3l8vi+ow:d to ogw po+iu(jv :8.tla3 as

A. nuclear fission.

B. nuclear fusion.

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does the total mass of the pr9jv4x9oe/sgc+doe rm. d2x 2goducts of a nuclear fission reaction compare to the mass of the original element2dgx/o+jvd.o 9rgxse9c2 4m es?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How does the mass of the products of a nuclear fusion reacti m(q 4qq/ba8d1d h-gvfon compare to the mass of the oriq(fq -da18 g /vmdq4bhginal elements?

A. greater

B. less

C. the same

D. varies according to the reaction

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When light elements such as hy1,,1qcafye -( yvlqwdwixdldwz/3 1 2 drogen undergo fusion,

A. there is a loss of mass.

B. there is an increase in mass.

C. there is no change in mass.

D. electric charge can be annihilated.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The fuel for nuclear fho q8esb752 inyx*9+r9 wn oapission is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The fuel for nuclear fusion in the centerz nkn0y32f)c v of the Sun is

A. Hydrogen

B. Helium

C. Uranium

D. any radioactive material

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The energy radiated by a star, such a3mey :f7ke8fn xp:(3 nki ncekn/wxpa6a3,*ps the Sun, results from

A. beta decay.

B. alpha decay.

C. fission reactions.

D. fusion reactions.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the source of the energy the Sun radiates to u i b6qe*hw2;n y.d,cz3 oka-jjs?

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the principle difference betweeyej s,yc4bcso 7xq (w35 :25m7;at igdih7d ljn a hydrogen bomb and a uranium bomb?

A. A uranium bomb is an atomic bomb, and a hydrogen bomb is a nuclear bomb.

B. A uranium bomb utilizes a fission reaction whereas a hydrogen bomb utilizes a fusion reaction.

C. Both work on the same principle, but the hydrogen bomb has a higher yield.

D. A hydrogen bomb converts mass into energy, whereas a uranium bomb does not.

E. One results in radioactive fallout, and the other does not.

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

One sometimes hears reference to a h5c + :ooxla1g"20-kiloton" bomb. What does this mean?

A. It means 20,000 tons of nuclear explosive is used in the bomb.

B. It means that the number of "fissile" nuclei is equal to the number of trinitrotoluene molecules in 20,000 tons of TNT explosive.

C. It means that the total weight of the bomb (not just the uranium) is 20,000 tons.

D. It means that the energy released by the bomb is equal to the energy released when 20,000 tons of TNT is exploded.

E. This refers to the maximum pressure generated by the bomb when it explodes.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the meaning of th+1k; 9uv73knl:ez, i guhwzpde term "critical mass"?

A. This refers to the mass of the "critical" elements in a reactor, i.e., the uranium or plutonium.

B. This refers to the minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction.

C. This is the amount of mass needed to make a power reactor economically feasible.

D. This is the material which is just on the verge of becoming radioactive.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A chain reaction can )k/qcu z87acw1r i,ky ao9u .soccur

A. in any uranium core.

B. when critical mass is reached.

C. in the center of the Sun.

D. when the coolant is too hot.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The chief hazard of radiati s d6xqghg4+n6bs8u q5on damage to living cells is

A. due to ionization.

B. due to heating.

C. due to the creation of chemical impurities.

D. the creation of new isotopes within the body.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is necessary to stop beta pq3fms2yfb-,rswz z.k 3 xu 56p75y jjbarticles?

A. air alone

B. paper

C. metal foil

D. thick metal

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is created in pvl -6i0liad.l i)rxw-air production?

A. a proton and a positron

B. an electron and an antiproton

C. an electron and a positron

D. an electron and a photon

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

All of the following are units fe3:y j v:z+lcwm unh44u;+pyused to describe radiation dosage in humans exceptc3 p +f4:ul z4hynvuwy ;mj:+e

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A unit that measures the effectirbddzs1z5vx* 2y 7c.w ve dose of radiation in a human is the

A. curie.

B. RBE.

C. rad.

D. rem.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When lead-207 (Z = 82) is bombarded with neuta7 co swj8au (b4,mxe.w88rmdrons, it can change into

A. lead-208.

B. lead-206.

C. tellurium-208 (Z = 81).

D. bismuth-208 (Z = 83).

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In the fission reaction 8ht( iian+- jf$^{235}U \;+\; ^{1}n \rightarrow ^{141}Ba \;+\; ^{92}Kr \;+\; neutrons$, the number of neutrons produced is

A. zero.

B. 1.

C. 2.

D. 3.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear reactio1fv*jem s0 e;on: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^1_0 n \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. $^{12} C$

B. $^{13} C$

C. $^{14} C$

D. $^{15} C$

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nu..q)giy5c e3/ s dkxnmclear reaction: $^{16}_8 O \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{19}_{10} Ne$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nuclear( jaz h gs1*k8a ac+whle2d os55c+uc4 reaction: $^{38}_{19} K \;+\; ^1_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^{38}_{20} Ca$

A. $^1 p$

B. $^1 n$

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the followirci,cg: cty elgg1d,k*/c0 )qng nuclear reaction: $^3_1 H \;+\; ^3_1 H \rightarrow \;\;\;\;\;\; \;+\; ^4_2 He$

A. 2($^1 p$)

B. 2($^1 n$)

C. $^2 H$

D. $^3 H$

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Complete the following nug0ah5ft a ny+7clear reaction: $^{27}_{13} Al (\alpha, n)$ produces

A. $^{28} P$

B. $^{29} P$

C. $^{30} P$

D. $^{31} P$

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The Q value for a particular re.krfn5f. v2 ztaction is -2.4 MeV, and the reaction's threshold energy is 9.60 MeV. Whazkt f5rn.2.f vt is the ratio of the mass of the incident particle to the mass of the stationary target nucleus?

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Find the Q value of the1hxg3v yq:,g8 n fddpr5mv:e/ following reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. -0.001279 u

B. -0.002179 u

C. -0.007219 u

D. -.0.009721 u

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Find the Q value of the follsk,* 3 fq q3qgxegoue,5fx/9 uowing reaction: $^{14}_7 N \;+\; ^4_2 He \rightarrow ^{17}_8 O \;+\; ^1_1 H$
The isotopic mass for $^{14}_7 N$ is $14.003074 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4_2 He$ is $4.002603 u$
The isotopic mass for $^{17}_8 O$ is $16,999131 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1_1 H$ is $1.007825 u$

A. $1.191 \; MeV$

B. $-1.191 \; MeV$

C. $1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

D. $-1.279 \times 10^{-3} \; MeV$

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the Q value for the follv* wyzfdx/yt,6pa2w) - a1gjsowing reaction? $^{7} Li \;+\; ^1 p \rightarrow ^4 He \;+\; ^4 He$
The isotopic mass for $^7 Li$ is $7.016005 u$
The isotopic mass for $^1 p$ is $1.007825 u$
The isotopic mass for $^4 He$ is $4.002603 u$

A. $13.57 \; MeV$

B. $15.37 \; MeV$

C. $17.35 \; MeV$

D. $17.53 \; MeV$

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the energy of rz7 j/wvhqbxpaqvme y;i ;z17;5-0yo ceaction of the process $^9_4 Be \;(\alpha, n)\; ^{12}_6 C$?

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the energy released (positive) or absorbeqf9*10dhsa d od (negative) in the following re0ashoq9 f1d*daction? $^3 H \;+\; ^3 H = ^4 He \;+\; 2(^1 n)$
The isotopic mass for $^3H$ is 3.016049 u
The isotopic mass for $^4He$ is 4.002603 u
The isotopic mass for $^1n$ is 1.008665 u

A. $0.0122 \; MeV$

B. $-0.0122 \; MeV$

C. $11.3 \; MeV$

D. $-11.3\; MeV$

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An X-ray technician takes an average of ten X-rays per day+jdvh n 1jzl.0 and receives 2.5 mrad per X-ray. What is the total dose the technician rez 0jn.+ldvjh1 ceives in 250 working days?

A. $2.50 \; rem$

B. $5.00 \; rem$

C. $6.25 \; rem$

D. $7.75 \; rem$

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