Hydrocarbons are commonly use ntvte.*5sb btj.*e;r d as fuels.
1.1.Define average bond enthalpy.
1.2.Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propene ($CH_4CHCH_2$).
2.Using section 11 (Section 12- 2025 Syllabus) of the data booklet, calculate the enthalpy of combustion for propene.
ΔH=-  kJ mol$^{-1}$
Important note: The section numbers mentioned in the video solution are specific to the 2024 syllabus.
You can refer to the question stem to find the section numbers for the 2025 syllabus.

  Which of the following *0,sb sf3hae/emunh3 is correct for crude oil?

1.Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions blh(1q xs ea9.gelow:

1.1.Combustion of decane in excess of oxygen.
1.2.Combustion of butane in a limited supply of oxygen.
1.3.Complete combustion of ethanol.

2.Specify the test and its result to identify the presence of a double bond in ethene ($C_2H_4$). Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

3.Write an equation to show the polymerization of ethene and write the name of the polymer.

  What is the correct order off)ayg 6r55snf:13y3 80zh (u eoptk d1ft nkwd specific energy from highest to lowest for methane, hydrogen gas, ethanol, and butan(3f eo a106fkngy:tkz5wpfd8 ny31 dhr t5)use?
Use the enthalpies of combustion in Table 14 of the data booklet.

  For the combustion of magnesium, which of the following are u8 jv 6b a+q:c4br be6 w:ncod)jmep*4correct for the products and enthalpy of reac :owrbv4)4qcan ecu+*:8bj m6jb e 6dption?
Mg(s)+$O_2$(g)→? ΔH?

  What is the sum of the coefficients in the balb/ n z kw3/5zmwkcq*8yanced equation for the combustion of silver memy*3 z/ kn w/c8kq5bzwtal to form solid silver oxide?

  Which of the following correctly states the products for the combustion of butane under conditions where there is very little oxygen?

  Ethanol in biofuel is produced through which of the following methods?

  Which of the following correc3(- vtq9fi73pd m1r koa+bl rytly depicts the product(s) at the cathode and the direction of electron flow in an elec+t (lqifprm7 dy1 39o-kva3rb trochemical fuel cell?

  For an electrochemical fuel cell in acpd6 kqz3p3bob:, w*qmmi+n4didic conditions using methanol as the fuel source, which of the following correctly describes the balanced reactiwppqqm bod:3k *63+m ,ib4nzdons occurring at the anode and at the cathode?

  How many electrons are transferred in the balanced ezs0jtbw 9g6m5quation in a hydrogen fuel cell undergbz wsm59j 60t acidic conditions?

Overall reaction:2$H_2$(g)+$O_2$(g)→2$H_2O$(l)

  Which type of fuel is most gy :q wct2e43xlikely to undergo incomplete combustion?

  Energy sources can be designated as either renewable or non-renewable, with efmyqz t3 3g55chvjz -ei)6uom4ficiency calculated based on the aqmvz )g6-4tm5h i5 z ejouyc33mount of energy that can be produced when combusting a certain amount of fuel.

1.State the balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the complete combustion of ethanol $C_2H_5OH$ as a component of biofuel.

2.Calculate the amount of heat energy in kJ released for the combustion of ethanol if 10.0dm$^3$ of $CO_2$ is produced at STP using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet. It=  kJ

3.Natural gas is a common fuel with a 70−90% methane composition. Assuming that a sample of natural gas is 70% methane, and using Sections 2 and 14 of the data booklet, calculate the volume of natural gas at STP that would be required to produce the same amount of heat energy as calculated for ethanol in (b).
If no answer was determined for (b), use 405 kJ for this question.
volume =  dm$^3$ natural gas
4.Using Sections 7 and 14 of the data booklet and a calculation to support your answer, state which fuel,  ----待选择----ethanol methane  has a higher specific energy.

5.State whether natural gas is renewable or non-renewable and describe one advantage and one disadvantage to its use.