What property of water helpds-(w 5no;6 v8 )nen v1yp*r-ngugeyms living organisms maintain their internal body temperapg*s n)u6r1m- yy ;vnged n(-n8vow5 eture?

  Which of the following is zp25vnn;7vgp not soluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to water0d vklux3 6sri*:jei+c.5dmikv s 7uml1 o 1+z and form intermolecular bonds with water molecules0kro:ux .il *i+dml 57 31z6 dvieskjsum1c+v ?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention ol) 5fb4beyc s(f water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted th ,f/cs)dbm,vbg1fbj-n/z ; mt eory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermb2 xpl;r0ad+cal propertiesdx a;0 2rbp+cl?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.z4 2g9w;zfkyg

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water en,sd-4jou nnx-kz2r, dables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) d- zn d,4 jsn2-,kuorxto stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport)afwdr:g6geqw i ;p f:iz9l30 water inside planwgz 0afr3f egdqw i;9 l)i6::pts.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The G)/d0u cn7ui5ydk. ,x hvsc:t woldilocksv dsc/ni)h. kxd5w7uyt: uc0, zone’, but Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of theob7up 1t(88 zr: cbezq water molecule are trurcuz t: bezq817(b8ope?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists lop4f1s 5(:xi+sp aks j8s6pc0 f6hvpniok for the presence of water on planets 46+aknf6 h: 1pfsvsis5 ij pps0px8c( as a sign of extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correb 0v wa(5 m*npopw 1c2cnw3xb8ct definition?80x onw3ba(nb2p* vwwc5cp 1m

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the sur h8eon b:4slm0face of a pond. What propertb s0onhlme4 8:y of water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture o6 vuagnnfa6/ t0i,o cyyfs6,:4ue w 7vf a water strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed s 3was8u8.xdmir,1k b ceal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out intosnox++bmzmr4k1 s6s 0 the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergentsm+m+xs0r 46 obs1 knsz on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life example of ad11tklnl gluhm ll(o;+r;.t m.hesion?

The image shows a cross-sectioni z0zyl ep767l of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing th 6 zlz0lp7i7yee annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia ars/g8a d3u5 yzmctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the blackg8zmys/ua d53-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about-t xg+dtz5i2q1sr i0n the role of water as a solvent is corre1+stigz2-dx 5nitrq 0 ct?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a stem from +a od(wn 34cnxa plant ioa4(xd nwn3c+n the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very simihl bmnd9+kvj/-4 ix,koog 0u/lar to ours, where five planets orbit a central starvo-+x, dnk bioj94k ghmu//l 0.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how watesldvtr9vf( g )*.wu. fr has facilitated the evolution of.) .*fvfrsd9g tuw(lv life on Earth?