What property of water helps livinghxx+ rh)ol+xy eg25l- organisms maintain their internal body temperature?+ hx+e lg xyhlx2r-)5o

  Which of the following is not solublersx t27fnluee1h :7(m in water?

  What substances are attracted to water and form inte/ tnvx/i3p ;1 w5ltv7 opj7vlermolecular bonds with water moleculeo1 l v ltw7/nxp;5/ptj7 ev3vis?

  Which of the following is a reason for 2 /0n8bpplbl3siuts- the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the o edv5e*+ss m4wrigin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond isc1(m jc6sl5b1tlzv/ v responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal pm scc j/61l (ltbv51zvroperties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between wateroi;:z a1w yl( r4amrj; molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pimf.,h ek.k-6y7 wvefusa hispida) to stay afloat in waterev kf,.ykih.6 me7wf - without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transp-l5gunidxdd *a fu(:2;jd01snf0 uymort water inside plants.fmisyf0 5nd1ujd:* a d; gnl0 2(u-xud

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following i(18xx8visz p8*mj l ais a reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn sm(i 8v*ia pzjlx8 8x1is not?

  Which of the following statements qe1z 9e+x,wge about the dipolarity of the water molecule are true?+x91ge, ezeqw
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that s.a gp,lstt**v3r 9foscientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extrso3.t9,v ftgs*ap*lr aterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to its correct definitiolxh(; mi.2xu3 m l9wzsn?w.xzs3 u9m(h m2llx; i

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What j27gor ,njvidiy6x g,r0vgz0, 21hli pro0,iv gz2j1l0 g6ndx2rvg,7 irh,jyioperty of water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a8 h:+i8/f wc yafeaf:q uu-ox. water strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea 7w::ma:-r c0b, au4aqadx8 :hkjhda d.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the5tc(: xknx:g o effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.: x(5 tkogc:xn

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-lif 0iq -efa1vr+te example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-sectionnloju17w i2vfdz382g 4, zeme of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the ann iofe,w7 432juzn g8 lmz12edvual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavi- 8w(a6z.fkmhl hrs7 ( xml26, vyzai fvs.qf3a arctica) is a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold cl.svl-m r 3a(f fh2v kw6y7z qa(zlim 6.,sh8fximates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following st16g ;5u1nl3mkik2mk+ g zvie jatement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is correct? k5mujk 1ivn2ge;+ i1lk3mgz6

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longimau46c z;k/ la dy-ntl,tj5 ;ztudinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessel-az; ;nl46tc/j,5 ky aztlmuds are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar systuvs b0;)i v2tqjwc-/ bl1a;l rem very similar to ours, where five planets orbit a central star. vu0a/q;sjbrlw ic )1l-vt ; 2b


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how pagar7 lw, 0+wwater has facilitated the evolution of 0aawlgpw,7 +r life on Earth?