What property of water helps living or4tce )8m,6zxpdu e wy1ganisms maintain their internal body temperatureew duytx 1)z68em,pc4?

  Which of the following is not soz*sj 50+igfe5bx nj1 kluble in water?

  What substances are attracted to wzgfswoo d 48ho44 m48dater and form intermolecular bonds with water molecules?dofms4gw84 o d44oh 8z

  Which of the following is a reas2o m1c7m hauwh4*m+yh on for the retention of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origir,akzt ku0/::dx mf/q n of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is reskr78 kd0a(l 08bogvfg ponsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and therm8 folb0a(vrg8 g7 k0dkal properties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water molkl,hcf:z7 +)- 5k cpe 9n.lm(2re*uncoezczpecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water ena4,k uyhvi wz )xdbk.3,bles marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) to stay afloat in water w.yz, ik3ux vbw,) hd4kithout expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhuowl21 l81bpdesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plantsdl8lwu1 o b12p.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason that the Earth is considered to lz6r(q, wovqvydm h8mm+/ 2 s0be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, b(2l mqy r0s dv86+m/mh,zvw qout Saturn is not?

  Which of the following statementdxjg4od,umr3z0:xy ) s about the dipolarity of the water molecule are truex jx ,40)gordud3m:zy?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is,nwl +wj;9qc u not a reason that scientists look for the presence of water on planets as a sign of extraterresj,w9 qnul c+;wtrial life?

  Which term to describe a y(bk.+-chv shw mowg5 57cohm,v 8t p+property of water is matched to its correct definition?(8mc pwvh y7,kth5gw +m. +h b5vo-cos

  The image shows a water st e ha3k1,q 0oazo73c0mz,nurtrider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What property of water is n h0e,30aortaok17z c3 ,umz qnot depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a watebkfqs4mqjq06 vi/e9+3 yt:d pr strider (Gerris sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives inhmp ;a:73i g:si. vbiz the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the eu; 5uo7m:priad) th -effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tedt;i re7o mauu)p5-:h nsion of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the followingpmw31z c7f6itara4 /y is not a real-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of thet v-t 4o5)mnp m+a;ttp(ej (yi vascular tissue of a woody dicot stem, showing the annual ringsi-t+t;4me (oypj m(t)5antv p of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is9o9hiu7ut b,.egk7e 8zbbk 4m a bird that lives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-thrit u9m oz bu4h7g9bbe,e k8k7.oated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) abouyk7oaju8e ;1 ut the role of water as a solvent is correcaou; y871ju ekt?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cr-55hbd;m8h xd 3mj4w mpf loy5qn8zs3oss-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem b5 qw4o-lyd3f p38x m8 ;sznjd5 hhm5mvessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five pl+ft qigbjt:4a ai+ ,,ganets orbit a ,ji+tifaq4a bgtg: +, central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statemni iewnwu3q , y6c-l +4m8.goqents explains how water has facilitated the evolution of lif+6ilgwq .iwo y3me,4 nu-n8qce on Earth?