What property of water helps living organisms maintain their inted5tcn, .5tq ssa 7ls3krnal body temper 7c3s 5 5ldt.sska,tqnature?

  Which of the following is not soluboar i2h s o)km82phwp6v n::y(le in water?

  What substances are attractet vf :v4d3he5c+go(k pd to water and form intermolecular bonds with water molecules h: +cpkfv(ted3v5g4 o?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retentionm zfn)4jl;*c y pzn9 31nf/cul of water on Earth?

  What is the most accepted theory for the origin of 57j8*9qg xs9,lwvs-g yn j1 scvk c(erwater on Earth?

  What intermolecular bond is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and ther7yg- jg dn+/;p+)z 3auzvre j(cj4mkhmal properties?ay g )pkj; ( e/djv-4cu+n+3hz7zrjgm

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between water mol-k;u ol+fmolg,ye3)m ecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water enables marine animals such as the ringed seal (P. *zpsszl n3yx al ij/m3e40h8usa hispida) to staynass0* /z3xyejhz4.i8 ml 3pl afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properti9:ilr7 ttwx7 b; xhxg)es of water allow xylem vessels to transport wat)b7x tg:9l7;i rhwx txer inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a reason trpn5, o,jqqd o1 -d,ichat the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is d jorpqc, -qi, ,o5n1dnot?

  Which of the following statements about the dipm1 z*+j2(ohbm1azlp5 b 7q sjqolarity of the water molecule are thbo1 +blpsz* q2 ma(jj1qz7m5rue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists look for a2dxu8ms 5hdvxo /do4yulq xzh76: 1(the presence of water on planets as a sign of ext76 yau/o5z xqsdu(o8x41 mld2hxvd:hraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water)u idx,h;i4ies g7(zjkuc7 7w is matched to its correct definition?u )gu e,ki(;7jxhidwc7 47 izs

  The image shows a water strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. Whatcip3 / /qud5q6nuon0 e property of water is decuunq/i6/qpo 035 n not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerrsios;qqlb( 17 is sp.).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arpcfv8a*n k 2xnx-lq* hhb7rj-/pvj;- ctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carrn.8jr kgl15eplcywdp c876k(ied out into the effects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household dy6 7cej dlg8 8 lwkc.k5n1(rppetergents on the surface tension of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a realh qmb +0ni;la0+ft s q*n 7kmuw9hd4y)-life example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue of a woody dicot +7zo3twm z/ iv)baxp ;stem, shoi az3o z;mbx7pwv) +t/wing the annual rings of phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that +/pm dh:j6ev4re+m s mlives near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the properties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate ev e+d4 m+j6/ msphr:mfor the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of wamhh f6uwve:dq25 -/c k 0:dzapter as a solvent is correctp5-k20 6mcuw/ zd:eqh: vfhd a?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitjmt tz 9m5f,(y;.u o*loli, jkrlqdexn1z + 08udinal cross-section of a stem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem* ,lr(mqtxumf,o 8tkj+zl ine51o9d0j;z ly. vessels are clearly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five planets o:ob(avy,*7ezts al (rrbit at: oav(be,z l7 rya*(s central star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements explains how wateib p )rs4+) 3omuv* ax2ymdfur(+rg(jr has facilitated the evolution orfrm(v u+ 2pjasr)dbu)yx+ 4oim*(g 3 f life on Earth?