Which statement best describes the osmolarity of9ze+zoayfh)0gn a a,( a solution used to bathe organs fof(ha g+,)0zye aaon9z r use in organ transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely solute p +jcaoi 8ih2x3otential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart is remove ghmn k2ayu31zbza;: oap9u45d to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. W2kuoa yz5 a;9 ab upmz3n1:4ghhich of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intrs:a y;5zz fec5avenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a positive health 5c5zf s :zay;eoutcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygesjyr5kw+lpa) li65m 5n transport in a human being is likely if the individual is given a hypotl 5ajpir6)ky sm w5+l5onic solution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup fockgb z.i.2ndip 46/f xr an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solutionk z6c .nx./b4fdi2pig of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood px3/ fl;g,q:)qlsjc. xhu.m ecells placed in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Which type of solution were the cellsx)c; /.jhpfs m :gllqq,.ex 3u shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is imporp uu/,; szy)sh a*lcq2tant for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluil;c/hzqu,2y u a*p ss)d.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for water potentiac2.97l*z 6law i rrpfpl?

  Which of the following surface area to volume ratios would .lk* xe((vu,nyd:.5sdhi/ jfcc -lsg result in the highest rate of diffusion for acshjdlx( -(c/ ,* ysuv n:5gfd ..lkie cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that hex bd0u wake,uh ea;c 1c,zza.o.p;59as been placed in distilled water. Which is the correk u5zzec;aa b;. ho9e. pd 1,,acwux0ect reason for the movement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the chang5t+kb tez o+04xg .rhge in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations of s5ggorktez4xh + . b0t+ucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction willjil4 a(omve*1q t7y/ ughq 2b* there be a net movement of water v h*a7bog24ijquly*1qmt (e/?

The micrograph shows onion epi5o70fx ua)qwt dermal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylinders in a hypotonic solution*j gdx3gtjp. xt )o80g and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which o.xg8 0d*gpgjx)3 jttof the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when placed in dvz-pf; -wl ;z(/ntan8;2*oyj rniyfaifferent solute co *y r pl-/az va;;w2o8;tnf (yjz-fnnincentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvatio prbd qd*svdz(;f-+j0n.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.