Which statement best descz vz )d.trdd6 d7(u)fmgs1yl:ribes the osmolarity of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ zrl:fd )gd.yvmz(d td 6 s7u)1transplant procedures?

  Which is the most likely soamej ob.o83 ae2hw/b md1c 1v9lute potential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heayvmvbc)ym09m/6qw x fb uo/k)+aa00 ert is removed to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic solution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isofq by0 0//)yowbv a+x v ec9um6m0ma)ktonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions intravenously as parjfa/w oc7xo)7zj5u f+t of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome while the other had a posw+ /) cj o7jf5zfaxu7oitive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely i;y+uyj hy9hjss ) /-okf the individual is given a hypotonic soy+ y/ hso)hysj- 9juk;lution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the setup for an osmosis experiment. Th / 4i:tgh/jwiys 9egn8e potato tissue was placed in a solution of unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of soj/y8t/ni g4w 9gheis:lution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells plq.dp-inm i; l d*94jcuaced in three different solutions as seen under the light microscope. Whichlqn9j; ui d*mic.d4p- type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is importan2+iwkwo zoon p8h.x8x)soh 0,t for allowing particles to move across the cell membrane and respond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellularo phw0i khoz 8ox 82+o)nwx.,s fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition or equation for water potel7 j-y5sx 2n.ny efyl,ntial?

  Which of the following surfacc5-fpd:v v 0z/t5kdqfe area to volume ratios would result in the highest kz qddv c- f:v/55tpf0rate of diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a htpic9y 2*(.cpxvbh l.e0 (cyedpq .+piece of potato tissue that has been placed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the mov yd2hcp(lq.+.ch tpp y 0ceb*x9ie(. vement of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the changnymrwb :(9v. ee in mass of a potato slice (%) at different concentrations ofwnr bv.y9:me( sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimentafwxjanxndp).; 47xc v6 c l/bx2h-i; ql set-up, in which direction will there be a net movemencvxfh) nlx6; p.a-nd2i 4 jwx/cx7qb;t of water?

The micrograph shows onion epider tfao 2 ,l52uoo1coa3cmal cells.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylq; ha5z +5do4 zxv:ffzinders in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders4fx : zd5zz+hq;afvo 5 in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the results. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red blood cells when placezf de0otb; q4*d in differentb d* 0e4fto;qz solute concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solva jj-y :mmg-ala ei+lu.91hst ;tion.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.