Which statement best describes the osmolari-4 iaaqekyc5eah2 -:bty of a solution used to bathe organs for use in organ transplant procedureeae:4-- qi h52akcbyas?

  Which is the most likely solute poe c./-1 rr ns6msgn*bbtential (ψ$_s$) of 50 cm$^3$ distilled water if 10g of salt is added to it?

  An organ donor's heart ft 0h(j q4dl fgd6,mq8cfel* bsz-k ,:is removed to be transplanted and is stored in an isotonic sg8:qfcf,(,j0 6hfm4zsdd-eb l l t*kqolution prior to transplant. Which of the following may result if the heart is not stored in an isotonic solution?

  Two patients were given solutions b+yub6j20 t n4r7;sr7dno qtnintravenously as part of a medical treatment. One patient had a generally negative health outcome 20trnj snr7 ndbbu;6 +t4yq 7owhile the other had a positive health outcome. Blood samples were taken from both patients and then viewed through a light microscope.


Which correctly identifies the health outcomes for the two patients and the likely reasons for these outcomes?

  What effect on oxygen transport in a human being is likely if the individud8r3 4tmpbkft)2)y j qkn bqx ;+fmk32al is given a hypotonic s3y ndmmqtxk 8k) rqftfp2j+)3;b bk24olution intravenously?

  The diagram shows the sv5z ,9z-vgjny etup for an osmosis experiment. The potato tissue was placed in a solution ofvz, -zyvj9g 5n unknown concentration for 3 days. After 3 days, the potato had lost mass. Which type of solution was the potato placed in, and what was the effect on the pressure potential?

  The image below shows red blood cells placed in three different solut uuyy dox12)+(pe;lq k*aolc0+ kpy y:ions as seen under the light micra(0ux l)+;yqp*pcyk y2lkoe:o +uy1doscope. Which type of solution were the cells shown in micrograph A most likely placed in?

Membrane transport is important for allo(kthfx5 wc;9;j;j vstwing particles to move across the cell membrane and respvftw;9(; jcj k;h5t xsond to changes in the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid.

1.Outline the effects of placing a liver cell in a hypotonic solution.

2.Outline how the fluidity of membranes allows materials to be taken into cells or to be released from cells.

3.Compare and contrast four types of membrane transport. Include an example of each.

  Which is not a correct definition o39u zush7l/j y4q* ubdr equation for water potential?

  Which of the following surface area to vyhagxo/ na (35t0m:smd +2kw qolume ratios would result in the highest rate ofsy 2mhm35 q(dt xaa :/+gwokn0 diffusion for a cell?

  The diagram shows a piece of potato tissue that has been plactf ly 9j3(hbs s;k t423s)/qm zhvhtv(ed in distilled water. Which is the correct reason for the move 4 ztm;hts2kqjlsv)9s y3v (fbh/3(ht ment of water from the distilled water into the potato cells?

  The graph below shows the change in mass of a potatod7s thexdw*g; /2(zvcl s-;hy slice (%) at different concentration2/;- lhgd ezs*vhs (7ytcwxd;s of sucrose solution (mol dm$^{-3}$ ).

  Given the following experimental set-up, in which direction will there be a net mg uryy((w)tap s -(:vmovemp(sg-umw((ty :yvr) aent of water?

The micrograph shows onion epidermal cel:bi+ un*y /nnqls.

1.1.Draw a diagram of one onion cell after it has been placed in a highly hypertonic solution, labelling the position of the cell membrane, cell wall and vacuole.

1.2.State a definition for the term ‘hypertonic solution’.

1.3.Explain the reasons for the changes to the onion cell in your answer to part (i), with reference to water potential.

1.4.The water potential of the onion cell in the micrograph is -700kPa, and the pressure potential is 900 kPa. Calculate the solute potential of the cell using the equation below.

ψw = ψs + ψp

2.Explain why the calculated value for water potential is always relative to pure water at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20 °C.

3.Predict, with a reason, how the solute potential of the cytoplasm of an onion cell would be affected if it was placed in a hypotonic solution.

  A student placed 13 potato cylindezc01 h3 k; q9c2mbwhpdr4gt/g rs in a hypotonic solution and 13 potato cylinders in a hypertonic solution. The student then calculated the mean percent change in length, and standard error. Below are the resgc9cmdwhbh/1g r2pq z4kt3;0ults. Which of the answer choices can be concluded?

Below is a diagram showing the response of red bloo byb+hq 54xus.d cells when placed in different solutbux+s.hq 4b 5ye concentrations.


1.State what is meant by the term isotonic solution.

2.Identify which concentrations were hypotonic and which were hypertonic to the red blood cells.

3.If red blood cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, explain the likely changes in ion concentration in the cytoplasm of the cells.

4.Describe the process of how a solid granule of NaCl becomes a solute when placed in water.

5.Compare and contrast how animal and plant cells are affected by being placed in hypotonic solutions and hypertonic solutions.

1.Outline the stages of solvatio: n2 z.*mcxl3vxs t4fpn.

2.Describe what you would see down a microscope if an onion cell is first put into pure water and then into a strong salt solution.

3.Explain the movement of water across the cell surface membrane when an animal cell is placed in different solute concentrations.