Which term describes the splitti4g aub+ nu/h1 p*ae u6lp(0sjfng of water molecules in the presence of light to produce electrh * nlupjab 4up/(ga 6us1fe0+ons, hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules?

  Which of the following is involvsey.0,)34-q.md7*faifdj fw/n3m sfge nl p zed in carbon fixation during photosynthesis?

  The diagram below shows an experiment investigating ti+i9 qg; jr0hpgi l b4,zjp77mhe effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controll 77pz ; 4+0ljij bm9gigpr,hiqed variable at a constant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent?z.+d 9/q h2nse+ 0z9 ym5zzn)ts gmwds

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloropla0 p0tvuyy(8 uasts for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What (u0yp0y8v uat is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a chloroplast in+ ;5 t zyro:6/pzi.+w)pdnaj ;itrq bs a leaf.Which of the following structures are found in the part of a chloroplasiz+s;+d6 iy/p)ttz q;an jwbr :r.po5t labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rwvz9pca:ndeggq6:2 +u4ng9j ate of photosynthesis at different temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on tqf c)azc40g-.:avq hi he rate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Cala0n1ght99t h+i hsnqm9 (rf5cvin cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place in photw0dsx l7.pna+uo)r (at 2edr9osynthesis and aerobit0a l.d)edn o2pwas ( uxrr+97c cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractive ho0+l 7(ph2s; jzpuzmi auseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hydrogen iql*w0 dhv(llbw jsdkm di3 xcq-+*+ :+ons in the light-dependent reactions for phhb s dki q0(c-d3wd++w: +*lqvl* xlmjotosynthesis?

  Which of the following wskdtbgo s9 pr/; w:+t c;31lhcorrectly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurring in this light-independent reaction of*xo v2: wr-a7av x9ydi photosy:wrdva972 v-ixxo a *ynthesis?

  Which structure of the chloroplast is most involved in e+i0 ((ecgvxx the production of reduced NADP ac gv+e0e((xx ind ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosyn4p+vrxne3-i2yml j m o+ :px/y0s c7 f,/wmmtlthetic pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique in thiw/ lxvpp jlnxy,3r0 :eym+fsm+tm4o7 c 2/-me solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts prdu e0b1jk 1suu/24k5o 6eusof climate change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containinoe62uksbu1dp5 j4/0rs uku1e g a solution of water and carbonic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum repie4 r7b xladeb/r8;z2z2j*z2d4q hc gj7 -pbw resents the correct range of wavelengths of light that are a pc;eijr 2zez2 zx*-ab748rqdwg427hlbjd/ bbsorbed and reflected by chlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbo,x iier9t1b 5cn compounds are produced in the presence of lcer5 ibt, 19ixight.
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across rsm0jv: cx:a1 the thylakoid membrane in the light-dependent reactions of photo 0rjc:m xs1v:asynthesis?

  What is the process that zxvuf8)8i 0ydjcf :0uf*iak2 takes place before excited electrons are transferred from photosystem II to phxa00 j*yk izff8f :ucvdi8u)2otosystem I?

  In which structure of the chloroplast does ril: dpa)cl;ye) bulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylation:l cleda )yp;)?

  Which products are formed at the end of the light-dependent 7v kr656voikvand light-independent reactionok567v6kv riv s?

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigmentf sqb(jk9ulb2mp 3) )yf99u5mry l4wws. Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what pigments areswym r)wfly(ub)bq 39p 2594 9flmkju present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below shows the ultrastructure of a c+47fqf afvc45 g8+f0sdq xxhchloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the action swb+y nkvq n(6aj yq4 jfz)39j-pectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactio cshbgiy jif8f7o .i9 -k1h*-)/ eqgpmns.
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experime1xt ed.pyc,6cu y.n 5ents are used to predict future rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. Which of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, whe1t ..yu,y 5cnxepe dc6n conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carbol eau:a.+fop/ n dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it foundea /f+p:alou . in?

  What were the results obtain+ d 4e4nld2fsrhaf.)e ed from the lollipop experiment that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independe2s4+ )nrfeead l .hfd4nt reactions of photosynthesis?