The three common phases of matter aev6 )iang z(s)re

  Density is

  Substance A has a de0yb ,svvh4ge* t52cdhji6-d v nsity of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following is noto2 27lotzu9/ bc sh/ja a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same area base, and aa9wd hi 1d(oh/ll three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest lidh1/9o i hda(wquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside ab ovn c9:bzhs4 nu6s18nd outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absu(k. ump2f l0izss30bolute pressure at the ufuk3.zispl bs(2 m00bottom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a pool. If yutc1)4es zx ;kou dive to 2.0 m beuksc;)xz 14 teneath the surface, what happens to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's princ2zt8 gp papr2*dipq4) gi.w /uiple.

State Archimedes' prdek2jqa pr-w192 mn2 jinciple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper inrcvjphs vy n7 -,;gy51to water of constant density, what happens to the buoyant fo;p-g7ycvjy r51nsh v,rce on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats in cbhtie( k/r4/both fresh water and in salt water. Where is the buoyant fkhticr eb/4/(orce greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship floats in both fresh water d*rlun 3j f eee2hs7))and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, t fsj2*73u)ele e)drn hhe volume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in x)6k qzd -a4ngpi zn*1m e-8vda pool of mercury. Where is the buoyandxe nand gvm1 k*-)4qz8ip z-6t force on the ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the b /rlpds+j /h*0)kcm b2x8 vasbottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Which has the greater buoybsv) +0cd8pb rxs/ak h*j2l/mant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating ial-ud* omyx,m l l+ tqs-(r-k2t)lvu6 n a bathtub. If the iron is removed from the wood, what happenlvt tul doy+u--kl-s2*qmxar(m l6, ) s to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in at tg e4xkx .*vg09j5zi bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. jzxi9t*0e4tg5v.gx k If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B istftea)u e4 ,yw 2gl0r8 larger than at point A. Where ylw2 8 )gref0at e4t,uis the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pib 78x3 lmqk8sape. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed in the wkqbs alx788m3ider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizont9 h2fy9wi)bt9owy 7nqww1 w6ral pipe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius, 9w 2yowq)69rwh9 fwyn1wi7tbwhat is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principle.f,7tbh *1i +lj/ (cssejqfx9d

  Which one of the following iszxo6517wz onr associated with the law of conservation of energy 56w 7 n1zzroxoin fluids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the p b0slsyu28ms)1: nnq lressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger ; (pug3go/kd rthan at point A. Wherk ; 3d/gp(ogure is the water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paper riulbzh;)i ko9a8xb0se ) c4q mhc 0fu-+ses. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal ves 4w/,g :8 icc1sn6i vzbw7mw22 vzgvelocity. The force of air resistanc,m cig e7gbwcnvw 26sw1 z2/:z4i8svve on him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are released simultaneously faz+-bhxez8cys)278q c3qsg zrom a tall tower. Which will reach the grou7xbyz qsz-h+ge)c 38a8z2sc qnd first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls throuj*8yebvl tkuu9 ty6 2g8h-o7n gh water, it experiences a drag fo j9t gkbutv6y82loy7n-*8hu e rce $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effects:x :sqo k z5nu1pv61 tutrpt5:dpo:; on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe? That is, tos:;v: xptptr ku15o6su z:p5q1dn: if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has t,m a dy;0*picxmk6(ouwice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. I6pa o ukim0d,cxy ;m(*f the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the4mc sj -)e bgt+zw-9amhp(o8e same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference acro+ wc9- bsmaz84 jghte-)p(m oess the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be aw6 -am0 vuzsj1ssociated 0z-jvsmu61w a with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water rin,)ed e5hh2)1sic9,lmpgiox ses to a height h. If the diameter were half as great, how high would the hx 1 )ci m,5gedni9)s e2h,lpowater rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweixpt7 r(0nf j(p8mlx(kght that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weig jl(8pn(k7 0 (xtmrxpfht of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficie1v)r 9 .,qlzwcmty lts6eyw7 9ntly lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is.ml 9t1 9zle6,rywcqwv7yts) twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cmwms*c5l -+ rka6z gcu+ x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. Wz+u ck gl-m+w5r*c6a shat is its density?

  A liquid has a specific gravitydvbghx6 w2z .- of 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. d 1bo)c ce11kysr:w-csx9jk x vc z-3-What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a ho x- dycs3e1vx -cr1:z-b9cks1kw o jc)rizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N isu6q+bje.y(o ; z0v ) qcb9uqfs standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a suvuwrp- mh:: ;sd-usl4bmarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the oclu : hrs-vu-w;m4ps d:ean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a73m wa.; yjqev submarine can withstand a maximum force ofa wy3e.7mjv;q $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absolute pressurh 84w4 1zchfz*r 3wcgje is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 1m5v2wzq 7r4bw 5.0 m below the surface of sea? (The densitb7w4wq 5v2mrzy of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute 0b:ej rll*n2 wod2)ker8ox9v pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The dexn djro* 2re08kelv2):b9 wolnsity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hhqo:6kk ) kpb7ydraulic machine. The small piston has areakk6o)bh qkp :7 $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm+2n9n7edw/ sr/tcy8eme +t fz and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. ft+9z//2+sweery8 nt 7cen dm What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to betgc8;w )ton l/ lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplio;gnl t 8wc/t)sh this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic ligj7d milcc3t 7-tp(+ r9ysad76ys3c dn1 e,tpft has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises 79 ies7y6ln s3ry3+m(7ct1p d ,a -j dccgtpdta load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N ig3q1cwo: : ur c*u3qldn water. What is the buoyant force of the wa3o u:g:rcwdq1*clqu3ter?

  An object has a volume of d,qqr zr p3q65 q64ofu$4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supporksl08(g 9i)t pto keg6va1h5ud*p8aited by a string while submerged in water. What is the tension in the string? (The specific)k1loahg ie85gv8su6pa (i k9t 0*pdt gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of golavd78ru1sxsb i:h3snl .db 2,d is $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarinemd,q1u3 /,zpu uzl7n ed7 mu7t (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air a 1ishn:fpi)-izn24u l nd 6.86 N when it is immersed in water. What is the specis4 ni1u2)-fniipz: hlfic gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the scale reads 120 gyns; o+) r* btmba/s/y. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and+;)bonb*smar / sty/y lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kg xt-8 ms:52 kbgjvu..qg5fn yf and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2. zf6pii48 iqzlu96bi: 0 cm will just barely float in water. What is itiup9:i4ibfl 8q 6iz6 zs mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass meascb m17bx6xw,gjw fu62ures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilobf x mw6u 7c16jxw,bg2grams of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume benewv,9b.idykxakt;6pn9+x5u .l lr- gfn*rl3math the surface of the water. The weight of the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the wln-9.;nirrlxt.+k la,mby d p5 u9fx*3 g6kvobject?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume b6o l5so qv+ti3eneath the surfac lq56o3 vtsio+e. What is the object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume bene3t, (1/jrwurpo0 kijkath the surface of the water. What ist,30( 1krjj krwp iu/o the buoyant force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the mii-lk bnrs *bsu;7y s99nimum area of the floe that will just suppo i7slbsk-9*uy ns9;rb rt the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of drs;,5ycg ,t tjiameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm dunuy 14ns w*:x//nvxviameter restriction in the line. What i:n/*u/ ny1v sxxvwn u4s the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/sj6qr8;jvue.)k, jrsx in a horizontal pipe with a pressure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure doe7ut:+qj:d e hq v+tjs7s it take for a pump to supply a drinking fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above the pumuq +q:+je7vjst:td 7hp?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom ofkz;ox8zxrt rpr ;5f l4e29iu7 a water storage tank that holds water at a depth of 15 m. At what rate will2r9; 7ez u;l xzo4rx8kit5pf r water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a c ;t(lyep6sh 4 jbkgy04 2y.wfhorizontal pipe of cross-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it takexdtc p1 0lku)rk7z05y to pour 4.0 L of oil through a fun1t05x7zrulkp0 k ) cdynel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the w4a o((e*5x 6v hyeyfzeall of an artery decreased the radius by 10 6( yvhzax*f5oee4 ey(%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tube A has twice the diametv:ysdl12 cwl7.yae 1g er of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tubwyve.c1 7s l:21ydgal e B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high willx8 1e- yst)wqk igz-ocj;.g 5h water rise in a capillarei5qcx1k. --o8tjs ; yzg hg)wy tube of diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would watr t lva/fef6+3er at 0 degree Celsius rise in a glass capillary tube wir/e v ftal6+f3th a diameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of wyq -iq(3-ja f:l pyh8mater, and the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What hapj qiyp h(:-fa-yq 38lmpens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and width 0.600 m with a s)n;arq,lek 2pk:l.a hi l/(txoap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap fln:,airk l;htek./)qa 2lx p(ilm exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectanguad1 b *alxyemux1q :c vgcqk aa/2345)lar frame has length 12 cm and width 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in mak* xlg 511:4c u)caq v/d2exqay3abthe frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?