Central banks usually have all of the following goaoi 9 1z,e+qxsmos yk86ls except:

  Which of the following is f0cx v6e+z zo:a strength of fiscal policy?

  The process of a centr3b l3skzgk ssq4 1/gpvu.kmaf 3 ec783al bank creating digital money by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts held with the central bank qz33sgk/843sef 3 bvgks7au.m k1pc lis the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associatezf 9yy+t bwiqk68 mn03d with holding money:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered to be a strenghug(pth ql),chm 0 /(wth of monetary policy:qc0)(uwhgh ,pm/(thl

  The following statementr 3rcv/ue e7zct / kkc25g+u-mczwg+. s are true except:

  Which of the following is an examp7qmwjkyr ;7 u/le of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ratio (rese8 n/lro2/ bxhyb 787ooxjqb1/8nv zfyrve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Iranian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation7nby vo 8hxqbbryl8/x712 ofo/j/8nz you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is to increase the money su5m 0 0fg5p4anmro pk,epply; select which of the follam 545fp0mr egn ,ko0powing options below the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to yd3r7oi+.w9 kvd1dtyw 22q bndecrease after the implementation of expansionary fiscal policy vq73w 9dw.ind okby2y1r 2+td?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most approprian6 )wkxe +ajwq ,js3yi82r3qpte reason for the 2+k j yqrqx)p w83eja36s iw,ncentral bank to increase the money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions would most effectivelyu01-wcrjwo- n close an inflationarj-0 o1rwucn-w y gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automaticwxlu p /+;xbl qmj5*du45ceq, stabilisers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sustained budget deficit6u ; z;lvndxs:?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income from aun3,hw) )pv3lw*p 0ogkiffh w,b3j7s gc)m2n $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmissio xp:nj+ev 9rp*i;9kflerqa43) nd n6 mn mechanism of a contractionary monetary policy which involve9fr3mp e94xdk); :p*q inea nr+j6 lvns raising interest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap