Central banks usually have all of the following goals excepeoj6 pyl ;qo sax.h1yeb a4v7 /2s5,jot:

  Which of the following is a stren 0xwld9lpj5fh6-g ew* gth of fiscal policy?

  The process of a central bank creatingifu,baou7gno o, niym 4+*u 81 digital money by purchasing long-term government securities from commercial banks and crediting electronic reserves to the commercial banks' accounts hel n14uii7 , *f+go8oobman,uuyd with the central bank is the definition of:

  The concept of money demand in economics is not associated with holding e0p:ue*a, olomoney:

  Select from the choices below what is not considered to be a strength )*g3 m (wk0qj*jymgfrof monetarjr *y3(fq m0m*)jwgk gy policy:

  The following statements are tr(xoht+abm5 +sue except:

  Which of the following is an exampxi2w zlu6ea6 l a4kq*k,4koy0le of current expenditure?

  
Which of the following policies would most likely cause the above shift from $AD_1$ to $AD_2$?

  
At which point of intersection along the AS curve above would an expansionary fiscal policy have the largest impact on real output?

  In May 2023, the legal reserve requirement ra)xozfv88e-fk0 .ust9 :tm xg itio (reserve requirement) in Iran stands at 10%. If you have an initial deposit of Irmtft:ex k)80zx-8i sf9u .gvoanian Rial (IRR) 1 000, calculate the total credit creation you can expect.
Choose the correct answer from the options below:

  Suppose the European Central Bank's (ECB) goal is 8h6ga;:jgp bw0pnvk, to increase the money supply; select which of the following options b6:npg8 g0vb, kw ;phajelow the ECB must do:

  What is most likely to decrease after the implementation+e, c.lxvpeq ) of expansionary fiscal poliecplqxve .+,) cy?

  

South Sudan's inflation rate (%)	2022
-2.54	August
-8.75	September
-12.73	October
-8.1	November
- 11.57	December

Given the table above, select from the choices below what is expected to be true concerning South Sudan in August through December of 2022:

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $APL_1$ as shown in the figure above. Select which type of monetary policy action a central bank may undertake from the choices to restore full employment:
I.decrease interest rates
II. increase interest rates
III.decrease money supply
IV. increase money supply

  Select from the choices below which would be the most appropriate rj3h3p7 l zj(lleason for the central bank to increase the7j jp3zh3ll (l money supply:

  Which combination of fiscal and monetary policy actions wou;d9bx t/-(elh5bsgma a*v1xwqp 0q :wld most effectively clvte s/qd:-x1glq0 pw5a a*h9(b wx;mbose an inflationary gap?

  Which of the following statements is true of automatic stabili4wpn2 m0pder l(3so/1q dat2csers?
I.They utilise discretionary spending to reduce volatility.
II. They will be more effective in an economy with a strong welfare state and progressive income tax.
III. They moderate the rate of economic growth.

  Which of the following may result from a sustained budg xf /,.l5acg5 vgrzui6et deficit?

  
If an economy is initially operating at equilibrium X, what would its new equilibrium be if the government cuts income tax and increases VAT?

  

Given the figure above, select from the choices below in which expansionary monetary policy action would result in a “no growth, only inflation'' scenario:

  Calculate the change in national income from a9 u0 vgroio( 1(ur1foj $\xi$10 000 000 decrease in government spending for an economy where:
The marginal propensity to consume is 0.6
The marginal propensity to import is 0.1
The marginal propensity to tax is 0.2

  Select from the table below the appropriate transmission mechanism of a contra*, smvb tbj/j; dx8 ahbpil-66ctionary monetary policy which involves raising interj-ap 6bdb 6ht/x*l vb8j,;si mest rates to achieve an external balance.

  

Country A	Country B	Country C	Country D
Increase in investment: US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US	Increase in investment US
$\$$100m	$\$$150m	$\$$200m	$\$$50m
Marginal propensity to toconsume 0.6	Marginal propensity to consume 0.4	Marginal propensity to consume 0.3	Marginal propensity to consume 0.8

Which country would experience the largest increase in real output after an increase in investment?

  
Suppose an economy is in short-run equilibrium at $Y_1$ and $PL_1$ as shown in the figure above, select which of the statements from the choices below is true:
I.an inflationary gap exists
II.the inflationary gap can be reduced by implementing contractionary monetary policy, that shifts $AD_1$ to $AD_2$
III. a contractionary monetary policy will lower the equilibrium price level
IV.implementing contractionary monetary policy can transform the inflationary gap into a recessionary gap